Avtomobil chiqindi gaz katalizator, noto'g'ri katalizator, plitalizator va katalizatorning saldosini qanday o'zgartirish mumkin

Qanday qilib atrof-muhitoz bilan bog'liq muammolarni hal qilish kerak va har bir mamlakatda har bir transport vositalarida yaratilgan ifloslanish darajasini cheklaydigan ba'zi qonunlar beriladi. Ushbu talablarga javob berish uchun avtomobil ishlab chiqaruvchilari avtomobilsozlik vositalari va yoqilg'i tizimlari dizayni sezilarli darajada yangilandi. 1975 yilda sodir bo'lgan muhim o'zgarishlardan biri - yangi qurilma (katalitik konverter, konvertor) yoki shunchaki katalizator deb ataladi. Uning ishi azot oksidlarini tiklash va qisqa umrbodli uglevodorodlar va uglerod oksidi gazining omon qolishi bilan zararsiz bilan zaharli chiqindi gazlarni zararsizlantirishga asoslanadi. Bu haqda maqolada.

Katalizator, qurilma ishlaydigan kabi

Kimyo maktab yilidan boshlab, katalizator kimyoviy reaktsiyani tezlashtirishiga olib keladigan modda ekanligini bilamiz, ammo katalizatorning o'zi bu reaktsiyaga aloqador emas. Ya'ni katalizator reaktsiyada to'g'ridan-to'g'ri ishtirok etadi va oqim oqimining davomiyligiga ta'sir qiladi, ammo u u na reaktsiya va reaktsiyani yo'q deb reaktsiya mahsulotidir. Inson tanasida fermentlar, shuningdek, zarur biokimyoviy reaktsiyalar uchun javobgar bo'lgan tabiiy katalizator hisoblanadi.

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Umuman olganda, uning ishidagi katalitik konvertor ikki xil katalizatordan iborat - Oksid katalizat va konversion katalizatordan iborat. Ikkala variant ham, qoida va platina va / yoki rodium sifatida metal katalitik bilan qoplangan keramik tuzilishdan iborat. G'oya zararsizlantiruvchi suvning eng katta sirtini, kerakli miqdordagi miqdordagi miqdorni minimallashtiradigan strukturani shakllantirishga asoslangan, chunki bu material narxi juda katta.

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Ba'zi zamonaviy konvertorlar hatto na standart katalizatorlari bilan aralashtirilgan oltindan foydalanishni boshladilar. Bu oltin, yo'l bilan, hatto ro'yxatga olingan boshqa materiallar bilan taqqoslaganda, ammo u oksidlanishni ko'paytirishga qodir.

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Eng zamonaviy xorijiy avtomobillar uch komponentli katalizator bilan jihozlangan. Bu shuni ko'rsatadiki, ular uchta zararli moddalar - uglerod oksidi (CO), uglerodorbonlar (Na) va azot oksidlari (nox).

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Qayta tiklash katalizatori katalitik konvertorning birinchi bosqichi. Azot oksidlari chiqindilarini kamaytirishga yordam beradigan roziy va platinumni qo'llaydi.

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Katalitik neytraleverning ikkinchi bosqichi oksidlanish katalizatoridir. Bu qo'pol uglerod oksidi va uglevodorodlar sonini neyteratinada oksidlash va platina tufayli oksidlangan bo'lsa, kamaytiradi.

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Katalyatorlar va uyalarda ishlatiladigan tuzilmalarning ikkita asosiy o'zgarishi mavjud. Bugungi kunda aksariyat mashinalar uyali tuzilishni qo'llaydilar.

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Katalizator ishining uchinchi bosqichiga kelsak, u chiqindi gaz oqimini kuzatadigan va bu ma'lumotlarni motorda yoqish tizimini boshqarish uchun ushbu ma'lumotlarni qo'llaydi.

Nosozliklar va katalizator buzilishining sabablari

  1. Mexanik shikastlanish (zarbadan), natijada keramik yadroning yo'q qilinishi yuz berdi.
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  2. Yoqilg'i va havo aralashmasida sifatli yoqilg'i yoki og'ishdan foydalanish. Yoqilg'i haddan tashqari ko'paytirilgan temir tarkibi bilan ishlatilganda, metall zarralari zararsizlantirish reaktsiyasini to'xtatadi.
  3. Egzozda uglevodorodlarning ko'payishi (tartibga solinmagan dvigatel) va haddan tashqari cho'kmagan aralashma katalizatorning ishlashi muhimligini sezilarli darajada kamaytiradi. Ular aslida uni yo'q qilishadi.
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  4. Bitiruv yo'lida moylash stantsiyasining kirib ketishi ushbu moylash vositasini ish joyiga olib tashlashga olib keladi.
  5. SOST mutaxassislari chiqindi gazlarning haroratini oshirishga qodir bo'lgan qo'shinlarning yuqori miqdori yuqori bo'lgan yoqilg'i quyish paytida katalizator katalizatorlarini va muvaffaqiyatsizliklarini eritib yuborish mumkin.
  6. Agar mashina ayiqni tortsa yoki mashinani itarib yuborsa, motorni ishga tushirish yoki itarilgan bo'lsa, benzinning paydo bo'lishi xavfi mavjud. Bunday holda, nomaqbul kimyoviy reaktsiya portlashga olib kelishi mumkin.
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  7. Sovuq suv bilan aloqada bo'lmagan darajada salbiy ta'sir ko'rsatmaydi. Suvli to'siqni engib o'tish jarayonida suyuqlik Selsiyga 900 darajaga ko'tarilish mumkin.

Tekshirish belgilari

  1. Avtotransport vositasi "Tupit", ular bo'shliqni bo'shatishadi, mashina "torting", "Kur'atchik neytrallashtiruvchi go'yo, chiqindi gazlar qisqartirildi".
  2. Xarakterli shovqin va jiringlash (katalizator hujayralar qulab tushdi).
Katalizator zarralarining oqibatlari
Katalizator zarralarining oqibatlari

Katalizator muvaffaqiyatsiz tugadi, uni ta'mirlash mumkin

Agar katalizator muvaffaqiyatsiz bo'lsa, sizda muammoga ikkita echim bo'ladi:

  1. Yangi tugunni katalizator bilan sotib olish va o'rnatish. Bu juda qimmat bo'lsa-da, lekin kelajakda sizda qo'shimcha muammolar bo'lmaydi va atmosferaning ifloslanishi minimal darajada bo'ladi.
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  2. Shu bilan bir qatorda, eski elementni taqillatib, bitiruv yo'riqchiligi parametrlarini o'zgartirish natijasida ECUning milt-milt-milt-milt-militsionerni olib tashlash natijasida paydo bo'ladi, chunki u katalizatorni olib tashlash natijasida Kislorodlilik sensori, tizimning nosozligi har doim ("tekshirish doimiy ravishda yoqiladi").

Katalizator ta'mirlanmaydi. Uni faqat universal yoki "mahalliy" bilan almashtirish mumkin. Neytralovchini samolyotni samolyotga almashtirish mumkin.

Nega u juda qimmat

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Dasminallar zararsiz neytralizatsiya qilish - platina, rodium, palladini ishlab chiqarish uchun ishlatiladi. Shuning uchun elementning narxi juda yuqori. Shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, uproving toifasi qanchalik yuqori bo'lsa, qimmatbaho metallardan ko'proq foydalaniladi, ya'ni purkagichga (evro 2,4,4) mos keladigan me'yorlarning darajasi qancha ko'p bo'lsa, shuncha ko'p bo'lsa To'liq oksidlanish uchun qimmatbaho metallar talab qilinadi. Arzon katalizatorlari kerakli standartlarga mos kelmaydi, natijada ushbu elementni o'rnatishda "Chek" doimiy ravishda yoqiladi.

Xalq hunarmandlarining universal katalizator

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Asl katalizatorlar juda qimmat, bu esa avtomobil egalariga muammoni hal qilishning boshqa usullarini izlashga majbur qiladi. Ba'zilar o'zlarining dumg'ili dystukni mashinasiga o'rnatdilar va ba'zilari universal katalizatorni afzal ko'rishadi.

Aslida, universal katalizatsiyalar bir xil qurilmalar, faqat past narx kategoriyasida. Asl katalitik konvertor kabi, ular keramika va metalldir. Ikkinchisi, shu bilan birga bardoshli hisoblanadi. Ularning ishi aynan bunday printsipial, shuningdek, original katalizator uchun amalga oshiriladi, shuning uchun amal qilish uchun amalda mashinaning ichki kompyuterini tozalash talab qilinmaydi.

Universal katalizatsiyaning muhim omillari ularning qisqa xizmatining hayoti. Hatto "bardoshli" metall agregatlar kamdan-kam hollarda kamdan-kam ishlamoqda. Garchi amaliyot ko'rsatkichi bo'lsa-da, bu davr juda katta. Qoida tariqasida, ikkinchi texnik inspektsiya o'tish paytida, chiqindi gazlardagi zararli moddalar darajasi transport vositasining texnik holatini nazorat qilishga imkon bermaydigan normadan oshadi.

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Bu neyterater kerak bo'lgan haroratga erisha olmasligi natijasida kerakli vazifani bajara olmaydi. Shuning uchun, CO darajasini olib tashlaganda, uni olib ketishga harakat qiling. Katalizator motor rotorini ko'paytirib, ularni katta darajada ushlab turing, ularni katta darajada ushlab turing (daqiqada 5500-6000 indiullar) bir necha daqiqa davomida bir necha daqiqa davomida olib kelishi mumkin. Ko'pincha amalga oshiriladigan kuchlanishdan keyin katalizator "uyg'onadi", u kerakli egilgan egilish darajasini olish mumkin.

Katalizator o'rniga Flamesteller

  1. Dunyoda globual tayyorlash uchun ikkita temir quvur kerak bo'ladi, ulardan biri transport vositasining egzoz quvuriga mos kelishi kerak, ikkinchisi esa tekis turar joy bo'ladi. Bundan tashqari, biz oddiy oshxona metallini yuvish uchun zaxira qilamiz.

    Odatiy oshxona novdalari yordamida quvurlar orasidagi bo'shliqni to'ldiradi
    Odatiy oshxona novdalari yordamida quvurlar orasidagi bo'shliqni to'ldiradi
  2. Keyingi qismida ichki trubadagi butun tramvay ekish teshiklarini uch millimetr bilan aylantiramiz. Keyin u korpus ichidagi (ya'ni, katta diametrning yana bir quvuri) ichiga joylashtirilishi kerak. Endi partiyalardan birini pivo.

    Metallning metallini yuvish
    Metallning metallini yuvish
  3. Ichki naychaning o'rtasida, uning ichida kichikroq (ichki) trubkaning diametriga teng bo'lgan teshik bo'lishi kerak.

    Tayyor global
    Tayyor global
  4. Shundan so'ng, biz metall yuvinishlarni ikki quvurga aylantirdik (bu ularni trubka kichik diametrga qo'yganga o'xshaydi) va zich unumdor ko'rinamiz. Barcha bo'sh joyni to'ldiring. 25 ga yaqin yuvinadigan kostyumlarni oladi. Keyin trubkaning bo'sh chetiga katta diametr bilan kesib tashladingiz, uni egib, yoqtirmaysiz.

Afzalliklari va kamchiliklari tashqi ko'rinishi

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Samolyot sensorining afzalliklari:

  1. Motor kuchi oshishi.
  2. Samolyotni bekor qilish kafolati (allaqachon tayyor elim sotib olganingizda va shaxsan tayyorlanmaganda).
  3. Yuqori ishonchlilik.
  4. Katta xizmat ko'rsatish muddati.
  5. Arzon.
Flames
Flames

Flamestellerning kamchiliklari:

  1. Qo'shimcha faoliyat ehtiyojlari ("Yolg'on" ni tashkil qilish, boshqarish moslamasining dasturi).
  2. Transport vositasida kafolatni yo'qotish (yangi avtomobillar uchun).
  3. Egzoz gazlarida zararli moddalar ko'rsatkichlarini ko'paytiradi.

Lambda Probe, Lambda Probe samolyotini samolyotni almashtirishda qanday aldash kerak

Kislorod sensorining mexanik qurishi
Kislorod sensorining mexanik qurishi

Samolyotning katalizatorini va o'rnatilishini olib tashlashda katalizator neytralever yaqinida joylashgan Lambda Probe, uning ishlamay qolishi haqida xat beriladi. Bunday holda, transport vositasi simlaridan kislorod sensorini o'chirish muammoni hal qila olmaydi. Shuning uchun, siz evro-2 standarti ostida kislorodlilik sensorini (Kislorod sensori (kontroller, emulyator) o'rnatishingiz kerak. Aqlli gaplar egzoz oqimini Lambda Probe-ga cheklaydi va egzoz tizimining o'zgargan sharoitlarini hisobga olgan holda o'z ishini to'g'rilaydi. Ammo, uni ishlatishning samaradorligi yuz foiz emas, chunki kislorod sensori funktsiyasining barcha avtoulovlari nazoratchi tomonidan almashtirilmasligi mumkin.

Maslahatni olish: oqimlar direktini o'rnatish uchun sizga malakali magistratura va tizimni sozlash kerak

Shubhasiz, samolyot sensori mustaqil ravishda amalga oshirilishi va o'rnatilishi mumkin, ammo agar ushbu tadbir muvaffaqiyatli bo'lsa ham, barchangiz katalizator zararsizlantiruvchi, shuningdek butun tizimni sozlash bilan aldanib kelasiz. Shunday qilib, kelajakda egzoz tizimi bilan bog'liq muammolarni oldini olish uchun bu professionallar bilan ishg'ol qilish yaxshiroqdir.

Izohlar