Avtomobil ishlab chiqarish, turlari va avtomobil ishlab chiqarish turlari, sharh

to'xtatib turish avtomobil eng muhim tarkibiy qismlarining biri hisoblanadi. Bu muhandislar va dizaynerlar ommaviy o'rnashtir bu tuguniga hisoblanadi. avtomobil ishlab chiqarish turlari, albatta, modelini ishg'ol segmentini avtomobil, haydovchi, qiymati bog'liq va, farq qiladi. Bu haqda maqolada.

Avtomobil ishlab chiqarish, nima uchun va qanday osilib unga

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tizimi yoki avtomobil ishlab chiqarish Subressing yo'l va avtomobil tanasi o'rtasida bog'liqlik rolini o'ynaydi mexanizmlari, tugunlari va qismlari to'plamidir. Ishlab chiqarish, bunday vazifalarni bajaradi:

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  1. Jismonan uzluksiz ko'priklar ham bir mashina tashuvchisi tizimi yoki organ bilan g'ildirakni ulanadi.
  2. roadpapers bilan g'ildiraklar o'zaro jarayonida sodir tashuvchisi tizimi damlarda va kuchlarga taqdim etadi.
  3. nisbiy rom yoki tana g'ildiraklari harakati istalgan tabiati, shuningdek, insult talab silliqligi beradi.

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to'xtatib turish asosiy qismlari:

  1. egiluvchanligi ta'minlash komponentlari.
  2. Power tarqatish komponentlar.
  3. Ko'ndalang barqarorlik barqarorlik komponentlari.
  4. komponentini chiniqtirish.
  5. Aloqa xodimlari

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to'xtatib turish turlari ko'p bor. Biz zamonaviy avtomobil sanoati sohasida eng katta taqsimlash qabul o'sha turdagi ko'rib chiqamiz Ba'zi ilgari, boshqalar endi ishlatiladi, ishlatildi.

McPherson to'xtatib turish, qurilma, afzalliklari va kamchiliklari

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Bu ishlab chiqarish, almashtirish 1960 yilda muhandis Erl MacPherson tomonidan ishlab chiqilgan. Kashfiyotchi sharafiga nomlangan. Uning asosiy qismlari:

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  1. Ravshan.
  2. Ko'ndalang barqarorlik stabilizator.
  3. Blok (a bahor element va teleskopik Amortisörün iborat).

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Bir menteşe orqali tana biriktirilgan va g'ildirak harakat yuqoriga va pastga belanchak ega bo'ladi, chunki teleskopik Amortisörün yana bir nomi "shamni hilpiragan" bo'ladi.

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g'ildirak qulashi burchagida bir muhim ayirboshlash, lekin dizayn, ishonchliligi va demokratik narxi soddaligi tufayli juda mashhur - to'xtatib bu turi o'z kamchiliklari bor.

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Pendant ikki tomonlama, qurilma, qadr-qimmati va kamchiliklari

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eng ilg'or sxemalardan biri. Bu yo'l poligonining haqida shinalari mashina minimal kiyish va ajoyib ko'ndalang barqarorlikni (g'ildirak, oqsoqollar harakatlar odatda arzimas bo'ladi) kafolatlaydi turli uzunlikdagi ikki qo'llarini (qisqa yuqori va uzoq pastki) bilan bir ishlab chiqarish hisoblanadi.

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Binobarin, har bir g'ildirak xatolar va kovaklariga idrok, qat'i nazar, qolgan, u iloji yo'l mato va yo'l tomon eng katta vertikal munosabat bilan normal balon tushunish saqlab qolish uchun qiladi.

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Pendant ko'p bo'lim, qurilma, afzalliklari va kamchiliklari

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Bu ishlab chiqarish, almashtirish ikki qo'l tizimiga oz o'xshash, lekin juda ham mukammal va yanada qiyin. Bu avvalgi turdagi barcha afzalliklari unga yoqilgan edi ajablanarli emas. Bu maxsus Subramka biriktirilgan menteşelerinden, jim bloklari va qo'llarini bir to'plamidir. "Jim" va to'p qo'llab-quvvatlaydi Eng nafaqat insult ajoyib silliqligi ta'minlaydi, va yaxshi har qanday to'siq uchun o'tkir irqi bilan zarba o'chira. Bundan tashqari, ular g'ildiraklar avtomobil kulbasida shovqin kamaytirish.

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Bunday dastur imkon yo'l yuzasi, depotable nazorat va ravon har qanday turi bilan eng yaxshi balon tushunish erishish uchun qiladi. ko'p-o'lchovli to'xtatib afzalliklari:

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  1. Optimal g'ildiraklari aylantirib.
  2. Kichik unsappressible massalar.
  3. Alohida bo'ylama va ko'ndalang o'zgarishlar.
  4. qolgan har bir g'ildirak mustaqilligi.
  5. to'liq yuritmaga yaxshi salohiyati.

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"Bir nechta yo'nalishlari" faqat, ammo muhim yo'qligi yuqori baho hisoblanadi. Bu suspenziya deb avvalroq bu turi faqat ijrochi avtomobillarga ishlatilgan diqqatga sazovor. Bizning vaqt ichida, hatto bir golf sinf mashinasini jihozlangan.

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Adaptiv osilmachoq, qurilma, hammasini taroziga solib Kamchiliklari Pandantifler

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Adaptiv suspenziyalar boshqa o'zgarishlar dan tubdan farq qiladi. Bunday sxemasini yaratish, bir hidropnömati to'xtatib turish Mercedes Benz va Citroen avtomobillarga amalga oshirildi asosida, deb qabul qilingan. Biroq, keyin u qattiq etarli, ibtidoiy va ko'p joy egalladi. Bugungi kunda, dizaynerlar kabi barcha nordon haydadilar, va faqat nuqson adaptiv to'xtatib turish, uning murakkabligi asoslangan.

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adaptiv to'xtatib turish afzalliklari:

  1. har qanday qoplamali uchun Avtomatik moslashtirish.
  2. Agar ma'lum bir haydovchi ostida Adaptatsiya.
  3. namlash majburan o'zgaruvchan.
  4. Zo'r barqarorlik.
  5. Oliy xavfsizlik.
  6. yuqori tezlik va minimal casual Rolls-yo'riq to'lqinlar.

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Turli xavotirlar o'z adaptiv to'xtatib turish sxemalarini qo'llash, lekin ularning mil xususiyatlari bir xil bo'ladi. har qanday adaptiv dizayn kabi komponentlarini o'z ichiga oladi:

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  1. Elektron sensorlar - hokazo rasmiylashtiruvi, notekis yo'l va.
  2. Yurish qismini nazorat birligi.
  3. Foydalanuvchining barcha e'lonlar, tokchalar amortisör.
  4. Ko'ndalang barqarorlik stabilizatorlar (rostlash uchun qobiliyati bor).

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nazorat birligi buyruqlar Emiciler zarba va stabilizator yuboradi, shundan keyin sensorlar, olingan ma'lumotlarni tahlil. Barcha bu bir zumda aslida sodir bo'ladi.

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"De Dion" to'xtatib turish, ijobiy va salbiy tomonlari

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Bu ishlab chiqarish, shuningdek, ixtirochi sharafiga (shuningdek McPherson) Fransuz Albert ham Dion bo'ldi, ham ataladi. to'xtatib turish, bu turdagi tayinlash avtomobil orqa aks (asosiy o'tkazish Karter ajratib) yukini kamaytirish hisoblanadi. Avval ko'prik nuri bevosita biriktirilgan bo'lsa, endi carger organi o'zi belgilanadi.

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Bu shurts haqida tuzatiladi yarim o'qlari bilan transmit moment uchun imkon beradi. Biroq, bu to'xtatib barcha qaram o'zgarishlar asosiy ayrim kamchilik va nuqsonlardan qutulish uchun mumkin emas edi. Misol uchun, aslida imkonsiz "Clevkov holda" pastga sekin bo'ladi, va o'tkir boshidan taqdirda, orqa g'ildiraklari avtomobil shunchaki "o'tirib turish". qo'shimcha komponentlar (qo'llanmalar) o'rnatishdan ma'lumotlar kamchiliklari bartaraf etish uchun urinishlari zid, mashina beqaror xatti-asosiy muammo bo'lib qolmoqda.

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Orqa bog'liq ishlab chiqarish, ishlab chiqarish, klassika

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Bu turdagi Jiguli ning "klassik" xarakterli xususiyati hisoblanadi. Bu dizayn xususiyati elastik komponentlarini rol o'ynaydi silindr vint buloq bo'ladi. to'rt bo'ylama qizlar bilan tana gardish orqa aks, huzmesini "osilib" bu ikki kamon ustida.

Bu kit reaktiv ko'ndalang novda, boshqaruvchanligini ko'rsatkichlarini yaxshilash va taksi rolls o'chirmoqchi maqsadi yakunlanadi.

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ko'p qon tomir va yupatish barglari tekislik unsourous massalari katta og'irligi va keyingi ko'prik o'zi natijasida, kerakli kerak. u etakchi orqa aks chiqadi qachon asosiy uzatish kartasi, Şanzıman va boshqa elementlar Uzatish uchun belgilangan, chunki, bu, ayniqsa, dolzarb hisoblanadi.

Yarim bog'liq orqa chiqarish, qurilma, afzalliklari va kamchiliklari

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Bu dastur keng tarqalgan va zamonaviy hamma g'ildiraklarning haydash avtomobillar bir qancha dizayn ishlatilgan. Bu xochga markazida bog'lab ikki bo'ylama qo'llar bo'ladi. to'xtatib turish bu turi afzalliklari ko'p bor:

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  1. Past vazn.
  2. Kichik registri.
  3. G'ildiraklar Eng yaxshi kinematikasi.
  4. ta'mirlash va texnik xizmat ko'rsatish oson.
  5. unsophured massalari bir muhim kamaytirish.

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Bu dizayn minus orqa g'ildiraklarning haydash avtomobillar ustida foydalanish mumkin emas, deb.

SUV to'xtatib turish va pikap, qurilma, qadr-qimmati va kamchiliklari

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jeep turi uskunalar turli modellari, Dizaynerlar turli yo'llarini o'ting. Bu suv tayinlash va og'irligi bilan bog'liq. ishlatiladigan cheklashning uch tafovutlar mumkin:

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  1. To'liq qaram ishlab chiqarish.
  2. To'liq mustaqil variant.
  3. Front mustaqil va qaram orqa elektron.

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orqa o'qlari odatda uzluksiz qattiq ko'prik bilan birga bir bahor yoki bahor to'xtatib bilan jihozlangan. Ular, oddiy, ishonchli va og'ir yuklarni dosh ega, chunki Springs, og'ir jip va hujumchisi yaratishda ishlatiladi. Bundan tashqari, bunday dastur Springs ayrim byudjet avtomobil jihozlash qaysi natijasida arzon etarli, deb.

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bahor sxemasi uzoq xarajatlarini va yumshoqlik bor. Bu ko'proq qulayligi yo'naltirilgan va yengil jeep turi uskunalar o'rnatilgan bo'ladi.

Khí, Inc. tomonidan umumiy Sedan Tayyor Rasm
old o'qi esa, qoida tariqasida, qaram bahor yoki torsion sxemalar ishlatiladi. Ba'zi jip qattiq uzluksiz ko'priklar bilan jihozlangan, lekin bizning vaqt ichida bunday qaror juda kamdan-kam bo'ladi.

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yuk avtomobillari, qurilma, qadr-qimmati va kamchiliklari to'xtatib

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yuk mashinalari yilda, qoida tariqasida, gidravlik turi amortisörler va bo'ylama yoki ko'ndalang buloqlardan bilan bog'liq dizayn ishlatiladi. Tufayli, uning soddaligi uchun, bu ishlab chiqarish, keng hozirgi ishlab chiqarishda ishlatiladi.

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Bo'ylama Springs tanasi qavs ichida yoziladi. ko'prik Qavs uchun to'xtatildi. Amortisörler orqa o'qlari Uzatish uchun biriktirilgan. Bunday dizayn asosiy roli g'ildirak bilan ko'prik, biriktirmoq tanani saqlab qolish va hidoyat komponentlar sifatida harakat Springs, ajratilgan bo'ladi.

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Biroq, bu soddalik faqat ishlab chiqarish aniqlash etiladi. haydovchi yuqori tezliklarda avtomobillar qoniqarsiz boshqaruvchanligini bilan shug'ullanish kerak. Sproughts qo'llanma qismlariga sifatida ideal emas. Shunga ko'ra, qimmat bilan g'ildiraklar grip sezilarli darajada farq qiladi.

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NATIJALARI

Bu avtomobil suspenziya hisoblanadi turlari bizning vaqt ichida eng keng tarqalgan, deb ta'kidlash joizki, lekin bu mavjud o'zgarishlar butun ro'yxat emas.

Izohlar