Yoqilg'i in'ektsiya tizimlari Avtomatik, maqsadlar, in'ektsiya tizimlari benzin va dizel dvigatellari uchun

Bugungi kunda in'ektsiya tizimi benzin va dizel dvigatelida faol ishlatiladi. Shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, motorning har xil o'zgarishi uchun shunga o'xshash tizim sezilarli darajada farq qiladi. Bu haqda maqolada.

In'ektsiya tizimi, benzinli dvigatel in'ektsiyasining in'ektsiyasi tizimidan ko'ra, dizel in'ektsiya tizimidan farq qiladi

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In'ektsiya tizimining asosiy maqsadi (boshqa ismi bu in'ektsiya tizimi) - avtoulovning ishlaydigan ballida yoqilg'i etkazib berishni ta'minlash.

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Benzin dvigatellarida in'ektsiya jarayoni havo yoqilg'i aralashmasini shakllantirishni qo'llab-quvvatlaydi, shundan keyin uning ateşleme Sparkdan foydalanadi. Dizel dvigatellarida yoqilg'i ta'minoti yuqori bosim ostida amalga oshiriladi - yonib turuvchi aralashmaning bir qismi siqilgan havo va deyarli o'zini targ'ib qiluvchi.

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Benzin in'ektsiya tizimi, benzin dvigatellari uchun yoqilg'i in'ektsiya tizimi

davl-KOMPRES.

Yoqilg'i in'ektsiya tizimi - bu TC yoqilg'i tizimining ajralmas qismidir. Har qanday in'ektsiya tizimining asosiy ishchi organi bu ko'krak. Havo yoqilg'ining aralashmasini shakllantirish usuliga qarab, to'g'ridan-to'g'ri in'ektsiya tizimi, tarqatish va markaziy in'ektsiya tizimlari mavjud. Taqsimlangan va markaziy in'ektsiya tizimlari - in'ektsiya oldidagi in'ektsiya tizimlari, ya'ni in'ektsiya, ularda in'ektsiyada yonish xonasiga kirmaslik, yonish kamerasiga etib bormaydi.

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Benzin dvigatellarining in'ektsiya tizimlari elektron yoki mexanik nazoratga ega bo'lishi mumkin. Elektron in'ektsiya nazorati eng mukammal hisobga olinadi, bu esa energiya iqtisodiyotini ta'minlaydi va atmosferaga zararli chiqindilarni kamaytiradi.

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Tizimga yoqilg'i quyish in'ektsiyasi impuls (diskret) yoki doimiy ravishda amalga oshiriladi. Saqlash nuqtai nazaridan, barcha zamonaviy tizimlar tomonidan yoqilg'i quyishmasi hisobga olinadi.

Motorda in'ektsiya tizimi odatda ateşleme tizimiga ulanadi va birlashtirilgan yonboshlash va in'ektsiya tizimini (masalan, fenik, motruce tizimi) yaratadi. Avtomobilni boshqarish tizimi muvofiqlashtirilgan tizimning muvofiqlashtirilgan ishlashini ta'minlaydi.

Benzin dvigatellarining in'ektsion tizimlari, yonilg'i quyish tizimlarining turlari, har bir turi benzin dvigatellarining afzalliklari va kamchiliklari in'ektsiya tizimlari

Benzin dvigatellarida bunday yoqilg'i ta'minoti tizimlaridan foydalaniladi - to'g'ridan-to'g'ri in'ektsiya, in'ektsiya, tarqatiladigan in'ektsiya, tarqatilgan in'ektsiya, ya'ni tarqatilgan in'ektsiya (Monovpistspric).

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Markaziy in'ektsiya. Ushbu tizimda yoqilg'i ta'minoti qabul qilish uchun ishlatiladigan yoqilg'i injektori yordamida amalga oshiriladi. Va ko'krak faqat bitta bo'lsa, ushbu tizim boshqa monofiy deb ataladi.

Bugungi kunda markaziy in'ektsiya tizimi o'z dolzarbligini yo'qotdi, shuning uchun ular avtomobilning yangi modellarida nazarda tutilmagan, ammo ba'zi eski transport vositalarida ular hali ham topilishi mumkin.

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Monofiyaning afzalliklari ishonchli va sodda. Ushbu tizimning salbiy tomonlariga yuqori yoqilg'i iste'moli va motor ekologiyasi mavjud. Tarqatilgan in'ektsiya. Ko'pchilik in'ektsiya tizimida alohida yoqilg'i olish indeksi bilan jihozlangan har bir silindr uchun alohida yoqilg'i ta'minoti ta'minlanadi. Televizorlar, shu bilan faqat qabul qilish matolarida uchraydi.

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Bugungi kunga qadar, aksariyat benzin dvigatellarining aksariyat qismlari taqsimlangan yoqilg'i ta'minoti tizimi bilan jihozlangan. Bunday tizimning afzalliklari eng maqbul yoqilg'i iste'moli, ekologik jihatdan engil do'stlik, iste'mol qilinayotgan yonilg'i uchun maqbul ehtiyojdir.

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To'g'ridan-to'g'ri in'ektsiya. Eng progressiv va mukammal in'ektsiya tizimlaridan biri. Ushbu tizimning ishlash printsipi yonilg'i kamerasiga yoqilg'i quyish (to'g'ridan-to'g'ri) etkazib berishga asoslangan.

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To'g'ridan-to'g'ri yoqilg'i ta'minoti tizimi avtoulovning barcha bosqichlarini yoqilg'i yig'ish jarayonini takomillashtirish, motorning ish quvvatini oshirish va chiqindi gazlarini kamaytirish uchun yuqori sifatli tarkibni yuqori sifatli tarkibiy qismini olishga imkon beradi.

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Ushbu in'ektsiya tizimining kamchiliklari juda murakkab dizayn va yoqilg'i sifati uchun katta talablardir.

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Birlashtirilgan in'ektsiya. Ushbu turdagi tizim tizimida ikkita tizim birlashtirilgan - tarqatilgan va darhol in'ektsiya qilish. Qoida tariqasida, toksik tarkibiy qismlarning chiqindilarini kamaytirish va yuqori motologik ko'rsatkichlarga erishish mumkin bo'lgan gazlar chiqarilishi mumkin.

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Dizel dvigatellari in'ektsiya tizimlari, tizimlar turlari, har bir dizel yoqilg'isining in'ektsion tizimlarining afzalliklari va kamchiliklari

Quyidagi in'ektsiya tizimlari zamonaviy dizel dvigatellarida - umumiy temir yo'l tizimi, nasos-ko'krak tizimi, yuqori bosim (TNVD) tizimi.

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Eng mashhur va progressiv - bu nasoslar va umumiy temir yo'l. TNVD - bu dizel dvigatelining har qanday yoqilg'i tizimining markaziy qismi.
Dizel dvigatellarida yoqilg'i aralashmasini etkazib berish dastlabki palatada yoki to'g'ridan-to'g'ri yonish kamerasiga o'tkazilishi mumkin.

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Hozirgi vaqtda to'g'ridan-to'g'ri in'ektsiya tizimiga ustunlik beriladi, bu esa dastlabki palatani etkazib berish bilan taqqoslaganda shovqin va motorning kammi kammi, bu yanada muhim ko'rsatkich - samaradorlik - samaradorlik hisoblanadi.

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Tizim nasoslari. Ushbu tizim oziqlantirish uchun, shuningdek, yuqori bosimli pompaşlık-yostiqlar ostida yonadigan aralashmani in'ektsiya qilish uchun ishlatiladi. Ushbu tizimning asosiy xususiyati - bitta qurilmada ikkita funktsiya kombinatsiyalanadi - in'ektsiya va bosimni yaratish.

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Ushbu tizimning konstruktiv kamchiliklari - nasos tezkor tizimning tezligini olib borishga qodir bo'lgan motorli kampandan (nogiron emas) bilan jihozlangan. Natijada ishlab chiqaruvchilar umumiy temir yo'l tizimlarini afzal ko'rishadi.

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Batareya in'ektsiyasi (umumiy temir yo'l). Turli dizel dvigatellari uchun yanada rivojlangan yonuvchan aralashmaning dizayni. Bunday tizimda yoqilg'i rampadan tayyorlanadi, ular yuqori bosimli batareya deb ataladi, natijada tizim boshqa nomni shakllantiradi - batareya yumdi - batareya o'yini - batareya o'yini.

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Umumiy temir yo'l tizimi in'ektsiyaning quyidagi bosqichlarini - dastlabki, asosiy va qo'shimchalar bilan ta'minlaydi. Bu dvigatelning tebranish va shovqinini kamaytirishga imkon beradi, o'z-o'zini o'stirish tartibini yanada samaraliroq, zararli chiqindilarni kamaytiradi.

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Xulosa

Yaltirgich tizimlarini dizelmlarga boshqarish uchun elektron va mexanik asboblarning mavjudligi ko'zda tutilgan. Mexanik tizimlar ish bosimini, yonilg'i quyish joyi va hajmini boshqarishga imkon beradi. Elektron tizimlar umuman dizel dvigatellarini yanada samarali boshqarishni ta'minlaydi.

Izohlar