standart va nostandart vaziyatlar ham usullari, tormoz, favqulodda tormoz tormoz usullari

Tormoz eng murakkab avtomobil manevra biridir. xavfsiz va samarali mashina nazorat qilish, haydovchi to'g'ri tormoz avtomobillar uchun turli yo'llarini foydalanish imkonini beradi ma'lum bilim va ko'nikmalarini ega bo'lishi kerak.

tormoz avtomobillar turlari

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tormoz olti asosiy turlari mavjud:

  1. Qisman tormoz. bu frenleme turi asta-sekin tezligini kamaytirish, lekin mashinada to'liq to'xtamay iborat.
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  2. To'liq tormoz. Ushbu turdagi tormoz, deb, tezlik bilan bosqichma-bosqich kamaytirish asoslangan avvalgi bir, lekin bir farq bilan - tezlik kamayishi avtomobil to'xtash qadar amalga oshiriladi.
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  3. To'xtab turish tormozi. Bunday holda, mashina qo'lda tormoz yordamida to'liq joylashtiriladi. Masalan, agar siz biron bir vaqtda, do'kon yaqinida, stantsiyada, stantsiyada, to'xtab turish joyida va hokazo paytida mashinadan chiqib ketishingiz kerak bo'lsa.
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  4. Favqulodda tormoz. Ushbu turdagi tormoz faqat favqulodda vaziyatlarda qo'llaniladi, agar asosiy sayohatlarning tezligini boshqarish tizimlari ishga tushirilmasa. Masalan, tormoz tizimi chiqganda yoki boshqa zarar bilan. bir ehtimol to'qnashuv da e'lon kuchini kamaytirish uchun ega bo'lgan tanasi, qanoti, eshik taxta yumshoq qismlari, - bu holda, u mashina dizayn alohida qismlarga tormoz uchun foydalanish mumkin.
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  5. Xizmat tormozi. Bu turdagi tormozni har qanday standart haydash sharoitida ishlatilishi mumkin, ammo mashinaning to'liq yoki qisman to'xtashi bilan ishlatilishi mumkin. xizmat tormoz holda, darajasi qaytarilish tartibi to'liq tormoz usuli va barcha yo'lovchilar xavfsizlik berilgan, haydovchi nazorati ostida sodir bo'ladi.
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  6. Favqulodda tormoz. Ushbu tur faqat baxtsiz hodisalarning oldini olish uchun favqulodda vaziyatlarda qo'llaniladi. Favqulodda tormozning asosiy vazifasi tashqi omillarning ta'sirini hisobga olgan holda tezlikni sezilarli darajada kamaytirishdir.
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Tream tormoz usullari:

  1. Motor tormoz va kp.
  2. Motoperatsion harakat bilan harakat qilish.
  3. Qadam tormoz - bir oshirish yoki kamaytirish harakat bilan.
  4. Impirbolli tormoz.

Avtomatik avtoulov mashinasi va vites qutisi, tormozlash usuli, bu usul nima uchun tormoz mexanikasi uchun mos ekanligini batafsil bayon qiladi

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Tinchlanishning eng oson va samarali usuli - motor va nazorat punkti tomonidan tormoz. Ushbu usul motor aylanmasini kamaytirishga qisqartirilgan uzatishni kamaytirishni ta'minlaydi va harakatlanish tezligini pasaytiradi. Qo'lda uzatish bilan avtomobillar uchun haqiqiy.

Dvigatelni tormozlash, dvigatelni tormozizatsiya qilishingiz bilanoq. Bu zarba o'tish punkti orqali g'ildirak uzatiladi kamayadi, shuning uchun useri yonilg'i yetkazib berish, bir pasayishiga natijasida sodir bo'ladi.

Agar kamera kuchi kam bo'lsa, biz asta-sekin to'rtinchi vitesda, keyin uchinchi va boshqalarga o'tishni boshlaymiz, uchdan bir qismga va boshqalarga o'tishni boshlaymiz, yodda saqlang, tormoz kuchlari kuchliroq.

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Texnik jihatdan, bu quyidagicha sodir bo'ladi. Haydovchi gaz pedalini chiqarganda, ular translyatsiya yoqilganda saqlanadi. Breake Tormda peda, debriyajni siqib, pastki vitesni, munosib harakat rejimiga aylantiring. Shundan so'ng, asta-sekin ulal pedalidan chiqing.

Avtomobil tormozida yo'ldagi har qanday vaziyatda ishlatilishi mumkin, ammo bu ehtimolni yomon ob-havo sharoiti bilan ishlatish va egrilar qimmatbaho toshlar zaiflashganda.

Bu erda cho'zilgan shlyapalarda haydash haqida gap boradi. Ko'plab avtoulov egalari, doimiy ravishda sekinlashib, tormoz yostig'i va disklarini haddan tashqari sekinlashtirish, va tormozlarning samaradorligi yo'qligini bilishmaydi. Agar bunday holatda suv tormozlarga tushsa, ular tanaffus qilishlari mumkin.

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Bunga bo'lmasligi kerak (tormoz va gaz pedallari chiqarilishi kerak bo'lsa, CU tezlashtirilmasligi kerak), u turg'unligi (qiyalik tiklanmasligi uchun) CU tezlashtirilmasligi kerak) va ko'tarilishdan pastda, uzatilishi pastda, sekinlashishi mumkin Dvigatel, ishlayotganda, faqat gaz pedalini esa teginadi va teginish tormoz pedalini emas. Tezlashtirish uchun gaz pedalini va tormozlash uchun - gazni qo'yib yuboring.

Tormoz mexanizmi, nima uchun ushbu turdagi tormozsiya favqulodda vaziyatlarda qo'llaniladi, bu turdagi tormozning xususiyatlari

Ba'zi bir favqulodda holatlarda ushbu tormozlash usuli ishlatiladi, masalan, agar avtomobilning asosiy tormoz tizimi ishlamagan bo'lsa. Bunday holda, ikkinchi uzatma yoki hatto birinchisiga darhol beshinchisiga o'tish mumkin.

Biroq, ushbu tezlikka mos kelmaydigan past uzatish mashinaning tezlashtirilgan sekinlashuviga olib kelishi mumkin, ammo mexanizm bilan shug'ullanadigan motor va kpga etarlicha katta yuk bor. Biroq, favqulodda vaziyatda unchalik muhim emas. Dvigatel va ularning hayoti orasida, menimcha, har biri ikkinchi narsani tanlaydi.

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Tormozlash usuli, agar u to'xtab qolmaguncha tormozli pediani, tormoz usullarining batafsil tavsifini, bunda ushbu usulga murojaat qilmaydi

Tormoz tizimidan foydalangan holda harakatlanuvchi mashinaning tezligini kamaytirish uchun vaqtincha yoki impulsli tormoz ishlatiladi. Tormoz pedal qisqa tormozli chiqmasdan to'xtatilguncha siqish orqali amalga oshiriladi. Aslida avtoulovlar uchun ABS tizimi bilan jihozlanmagan.

Vaziyatga qarab tezlashishi mumkin bo'lgan vaqtning davomiyligi va chastotasi farq qilishi mumkin. Dastlabki tormoz kuchlari haydovchi g'ildiraklarining oldini olish uchun juda kuchli bo'lmasligi kerak, ammo, blokirovkada bo'lishi kerak.

Keyinchalik tormoz kuchining to'liq kalta ta'siri mavjud, shundan keyin blokirovka chizig'ida tormozlash. Va shuning uchun kerakli haydash tezligi yetguncha yoki mashina butunlay to'xtatilguncha.

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Qoida tariqasida, tormozlash usuli tormoz dvigateli bilan bir vaqtda ishlatiladi.

ABB tizimi bilan jihozlangan avtomobillarda pulsatsiyalangan tormozlar avtomatik ravishda ishlab chiqariladi. Haydovchi tormoz pedalini tugatishi va uni shunday holatda ushlab turishi kerak. ABS g'ildiraklariga tormoz kuchini muntazam ravishda bo'shashtirishga imkon bermaydi. haydovchi, bir vaqtning o'zida, anti-lock tormoz tizimining ishlashini ko'rsatib tormoz bosib o'tdim, ustida tebranish his qiladi.

Katta kuch sarflagan mashina tormozi (yomon ob-havo sharoiti bilan tormozlash usuli) va kamaytirilgan harakatlar bilan

Aslida, bu barcha haydovchilar tomonidan ishlatiladigan tormoz pedali ish turi.

  1. Past urinish bilan. Agar yo'l bilan shinalar bilan yopishtirish juda yaxshi bo'lsa, ushbu parametr juda yaxshi, bu esa avtomobilni yuqori tezlikda boshqarishga imkon beradi. Tormoz berish uchun tormoz pedalini to'xtatish va kechikishiga qadar siqilish kerak, bu esa iloji boricha tezroq haydash tezligini pasaytiradi. Keyingi barcha bosishlar qisqa va tez bo'lishi kerak, bu esa avtomobil tormilishi darajasini boshqara oladi.
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  2. Yaxshilanishni yaxshilash bilan. yomon ob-havo sharoitida haydash paytida bu tormoz ishlatiladi. Bu holda, tormoz bosib o'tdim ortadi ta'sir va harakat muddati. Shunday qilib, avtomobilchi zarur mashqlarni bajarish qobiliyati, uning mashina tekshirish, yo'lning sifati "ko'zdan kechiradi".

Maslahatlar prof.

Tormoz usullari haqida hali ko'p narsalar aytish mumkin, ayniqsa ular siz tasavvur qilganingizdan ko'ra ko'proq narsa. Keyingi videofilmda siz mashina tormozining turli usullari haqida ko'proq ma'lumot olishingiz mumkin.

Izohlar