A katalizator, bir noto'g'ri katalizator ishga olib kelishi mumkin, qanday qilib katalizator tekshirish uchun bir urgan katalizator, oyatlarini kiritdi bo'ladi

Bugungi kunda, ko'proq va ko'proq avtomobillar bir katalitik Neutralizer bilan jihozlangan. Bir tomondan, avtomobil ustida katalizator o'rnatish, albatta, tufayli xavfsiz qilish zararli moddalar bo'lindi ba'zi kimyoviy reaksiyalarda zararli chiqindilarini kamaytirish uchun yordam beradi. Biroq, boshqa tomondan, katalizator juda injiq narsa, uning etishmovchiligi sezilarli avtomobil egasining asab o'girib ega. maqolada bu yanada haqida.

Katalizatorlar, u nima uchun, qurilma va tayinlash

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Katalizator egzozni inson salomatligi va atmosfera (uglerod oksidi, gidrogot oksidlari guruhi) elektr energiyasidan tozalashning muhim tugunidir. Maxsus purkagich ko'plab hujayralarga qo'llaniladi, bu esa "tozalash" ning asosiy vazifasini bajaradi.

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Platinumiridium qatlami bilan o'zaro ta'sir qilish jarayonida egzoz gazlarining kimyoviy reaktsiyasi katalizatorni isitishiga olib keladi. Natijada, kuyishga vaqti bo'lmagan zararli elementlar qizdirilgan yuzaga va butunlay yoqib yuborilgan. Yonish paytida kislorodning qoldiq qismi yoqilgan, bu yonish kamerasidan keyin chiqindi gazlarda qoladi. Zararli elementlar katalizatordan - N2 va CO2.

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Katalizatorning ishlashini ta'minlaydigan muhim shart yuqori haroratga erishishdir. Shuning uchun qurilma elektr stantsiyaga yaqinlashishga to'g'ri keladi.

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Birinchi marotaba katalizator o'tgan asrning etmishinchi yillarida, ular qurilmani yigirma yil oldin ishlab chiqqaniga qaramay, qo'llanilgan. Foydalanish yillarida katalizator neyterizatorlari yaxshilandi va bugungi kunda eng yaxshi xom ashyo manbalaridan tayyorlangan yuqori sifatli qurilmalar. Ushbu qurilmani amalga oshirish to'g'risida qaror ekologiyada hal qiluvchi lahzaga aylandi va atrof-muhitga salbiy ta'sirni kamaytirishga imkon berdi.

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Katalizatorning qurilishi uchta asosiy elementni o'z ichiga oladi - qopqoq (tana qismi), blokirovka, issiqlik izolatsiyasi. Katalitik konvertorning asosiy elementi mahsulotning asosi bo'lgan tashuvchi blokdir.

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Konstruktiv blok, keramik refraktsiya asoslari bilan amalga oshiriladi. U chiqindi chiqindi gazlari bilan aloqa qilishning umumiy zonasini ko'paytiradigan turli xil hujayralar massasini o'z ichiga oladi. Katalizatorning funktsiyasini bajaradigan kameraga maxsus modda qo'llaniladi.

Ushbu moddalarning roli xalq kimyoviy elementlari tomonidan amalga oshiriladi:

  1. Rhodium - tiklanish katalizatori, uning maqsadi noxni tiklash va uni doimiy azotga aylantirish.
  2. Platinum va Palgachalik - bu qisqa muddatli uglevodorodlarni oksidlash tartibini tezlashtirish, shuningdek, bug 'va CO (uglerod oksidi) oddiy karbonat angidridga aylanishi.
Noto'g'ri katalizatorning ichida.
Nuqsonli katalizatorning ichida

Bunday qurilma uch komponent deb ataladi. Mahsulotning blokirovkasi issiqlik izolyatsion moddaning majburiy qatlami bilan metall holatda joylashgan. Bundan tashqari, kislorod sensori zararsizlantiruvchi qopqoqda joylashgan (Lamma Probe) joylashgan. Katalizatorning maqbul ishlashi uchun asosiy shart - bu 300 daraja haroratning yutug'i. Yuqori sifatli isitish zararli elementlarning 90 foizini ushlab turishga imkon beradi. Siz shuningdek, harorat haroratiga erishish tartibini tezlashtirishingiz mumkin:

  1. Yoqilg'i aralashmasini boyitish bilan.
  2. Neyteralizatsiya o'rnatilishi bilan darhol chiqarilishini ishlab chiqaruvchisidan keyin.

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Katalizator, belgilar va alomatlar

  1. Agar katalizator to'liq tiqilib qolgan bo'lsa, mashina ham katalizatorning mutlaq ishlamasligini ko'rsatadigan holda. Muammoni hal qilish uchun siz katalizator oldida turgan birinchi kislorod sensori bo'lishi kerak. Keyinchalik, siz motorni ishga tushirishingiz kerak - bu katalizator muvaffaqiyatsiz tugaganligini yoki taqillatishi kerakligini anglatadi. Biroq, taqillatayotganda siz kompyuterni qayta ishlashingiz yoki ikkinchi kislorod sensori o'rniga emulyatorni o'rnatishingiz yoki o'rnatishingiz kerak, aks holda "Chek" doimiy ravishda yoqiladi.

    Katalizatorni tekshirish
    Katalizatorni tekshirish
  2. Avtomobil sezilarli darajada tezlashadi va kuchayadi. Gaz pedalini bosish paytida, kimdir avtomobilni orqa bamper uchun ushlab turadigan tuyg'u bor. Bular aniq katalizatorning aniq belgilari, ammo to'liq emas, faqat qisman.
  3. Yoqilg'i iste'moli ortadi, ammo bu simptom faqat transport vositasining "ahmoqligi" bilan hisobga olinishi kerak. " Ya'ni mashina "ingrit" va yoqilg'i iste'moli bo'lsa, shu bilan birga, Kivanka katalizatligi aybdor ekanligi mumkin.
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  4. Chirmasi "Tekshirgichni tekshirish" DOGHTA QURILISHIDA BO'YICHA. Bunday holda, diagnostika skanerida P0420 xatosi, ya'ni unumdorligini ko'rsatadi. Biroq, bu har doim katalizatorning nosozligini bildirmaydi, egzoz tizimidagi an'anaviy havo assimsiyasi bo'lishi mumkin.

Katalizator yo'q qilingan, belgilar va alomatlar

  1. Yo'q qilingan, erigan yoki gol urilgan katalizatorning birinchi belgisi - bu siqilishning orqa qismidan chiqindi gazning bosimi (daraja). Bu erda katalizatoringiz tushunilishi yoki tiqilib qolishi mumkin, chunki chiqindi gazlar quvib chiqaradi, chunki chiqindi gazlar quvib chiqaradi va vayron bo'ladi - egırigi taxtga olib keladi va hid kaustik bo'ladi.
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  2. Ikkinchidan, ko'proq umumiy simptom - to'satdan va yoqilg'i o'sishi (yuqori sifatli yoqilg'i va yaxshi motorni hisobga olgan holda). Bularning barchasi juda oddiy - noto'g'ri katalit katalitikasi chiqindi gazlarning normal haroratini (evrodan 450 daraja) va 350-750 daraja, yevro-4 normasi norma darajasini qo'llab-quvvatlamaydi (Kislorod sensori) avtomatik ravishda yoqilg'i ko'payadi, harorat oshadi, ammo benzin quvurga kiradi va harorat oshmaydi.
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  3. Yana biri, vayron bo'lgan katalizatorning kam uchraydigan alomati emas - plazin yoki tezlashishni davom ettirishda metall tovush tizimida paydo bo'lishi. Bu g'azablantiradigan qo'ng'iroq ikkilamchi katalizatordan yoki kollektordan (ularning mashinangizda bo'lishiga qarab). Ushbu jiringlash va ding - yoki eskirgan katalizatni yoki qo'nish joyidan siljigansiz katalizatorni yoki neytral ackerater blokini targ'ib qiladi.

Katalizator 2110, 2114, Kalina, Ford Fince - Callistel CordSogi

Ushbu qurilma bilan jihozlangan barcha modellarni hisoblab chiqilgan katalizator alomatlarini aniqroq aniqlash uchun aniqlang. Va keling, mahalliy ishlab chiqaruvchi - "Kalina", VOZ 2110, 2114 yilgi modellari bilan boshlaymiz.

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Shunday qilib, avtomobilning pastligi "egri" ekanligini va tezlashtirish asta-sekin sodir bo'lganligi sababli, avtoulovning noto'g'ri ishlashi natijasida g'alati ovoz paydo bo'lishi mumkin, bu katalizator neytralizatsiya qiluvchi organizmga quyilishi mumkin. Bu tovushning paydo bo'lishi natijasida bu bo'sh joylarga rad etilganligi sababli, bu tovushning mexanik yo'q qilinishi ro'y berdi.

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Masalan, xorijiy avtoulovlarga kelsak, Ford Fime, so'ngra hisoblangan katalizatorning alomatlari Vazning avtoulovlari - ish joyida noumbozlik, shovqin.

Gubtlash va ovqatlanish tizimlari muammosi - katalizatorning etishmovchiligidan chiqish sabablari

Umuman olganda, ba'zi hollarda Vazdagi Vazdagi katalizatorning tiqilib qolishini aniqlash juda qiyin, chunki bu alomatlar avtomobilning boshqa elementlari, yoqish tizimi, quvvat tizimi, datchiklar bilan bog'liq muammolar natijasida paydo bo'lishi mumkin.

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Aytish kerakki, ateşyatsiya va ovqatlanish tizimlari bilan muammo katalizator buzilishiga olib kelishi mumkin. O'tkazib yuborish, noto'g'ri aralash shakllanish, sifatli yoqilg'i yoqilg'ining to'liq yonishi va natijasi chiqindidagi juda katta miqdordagi bo'shliq bo'ladi. Natijada - tezkor Bobbin keyinchalik eriydi.

Katalizator shikastlangan, operatsiya paytida mashina tahdidi

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Agar katalizator faqat yotgan bo'lsa, uni tozalash imkoniyati mavjud. Biroq, agar siz eng yaxshi ko'rinadigan muammolarga javob bermasangiz, eng yaxshisi, ikkalasi ham transport vositasi boshlanmaydi yoki dvigatel boshlanadi, lekin darhol to'xtaydi. Bundan ham yomoni, agar bu narsa qochqin bojbin bo'lsa, uni tiklash mumkin emas edi. Eng yomon variant - bu elementning mexanik yo'q qilinishi. Uyali zarralar saghni katalizatorga qadar sezilarli darajada to'sib qo'yishga qodir.

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Natijada, gazlarning bir qismi silindrlarga qaytib, hatto kulolchilik qo'shilishi bilan ham. Va silindrlardagi begona narsalar, hatto eng kichik, tsilindr-piston guruhiga zarar etkaza oladi, bu esa kapital-piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi, bu esa kapital-Piston guruhiga zarar etkazadi

Tiplar Tarkibiy hayotni kengaytirish uchun yuqori sifatli yoqilg'i, o'z vaqtida tashxis qo'yish

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Noto'g'ri katalizatorning oqibatlari

Biroq, bu har doim katalizator neytrallashtiruvchiga "gunoh" bo'lmasligi kerak - bu avtoulov tizimlaridan biri shikastlangan holda, transport vositalarida ham noto'g'ri yoqilg'ini to'kib tashlaganligi sababli, bu yuqori miqdordagi yoqilg'ini to'kib tashlashi mumkin.

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Shuning uchun hatto hokimiyatning eng kichik pasayishi bilan yonish va ovqatlanish tizimlarining ishlashini iloji boricha tezroq aniqlash, shuningdek barcha sensorlarning holatini baholash, keyin katalizatorni tekshirish kerak.

Bobbinlar katalizatorni o'zgartirish yoki tekislik sensori qo'yish kerakmi yoki nima uchun

Yuqorida aytib o'tilganidek, Bobbinni joylashtirishda uni tiklash mumkin emas. Bunday holda, motorning ishlashini qaytarish katalizatorni yoki uni olib tashlash va tekislik sensorini o'rnatish yordam beradi.

Izohlar

  1. Eugene aytadi:

    Qattiq mayda maydalangan plastikning salonidagi noto'g'ri katalizatordan kelib chiqishi mumkinmi? Hatto Toyotada ham, markaz yordam bermadi. Minib bo'lmaydigan tasavvurlarni tasavvur qiladi. Bu simlar va glukakda yog 'yo'q