How to solve problems with environmental gas and each country is issued certain laws that limit the permissible level of pollution created by each vehicle. To meet these requirements, automotive manufacturers have significantly upgraded the design of the automotive motor and fuel systems. One of the significant changes happened in 1975 - a new device appeared, referred to as a catalytic neutralizer (catalytic converter, converter) or just a catalyst. Its work is based on the transformation of toxic exhaust gases on harmlessly by the restoration of nitrogen oxides, as well as the survival of short-lived hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide gas. About this further in the article.

Catalyst, device as it works

From the school year of chemistry, we know that the catalyst is a substance that causes the acceleration of the chemical reaction, but the catalyst itself is not involved in this reaction. That is, the catalyst directly participates in the reaction and affects the duration of its flow, but it is neither a reaction product that it catalyzes nor the reagent. Enzymes in the human body are also a natural catalyst that is responsible for the mass of the necessary biochemical reactions.

In general, a catalytic converter in its work consists of two different types of catalysts - oxidation catalyst and conversion catalyst. Both variants consist of a ceramic structure that is covered with a metal catalytic, as a rule, palladium, platinum and / or rhodium. The idea is based on to form a structure that provides in the flow of exhaust gases the largest surface of the neutralizer and minimize the required amount of catalyst, since the cost of materials for it is considerable.

Some modern converters even began to use gold, mixed with standard catalysts. It is gold, by the way, even cheaper in comparison with other materials listed, but it is capable of increasing oxidation.

Most modern foreign cars are equipped with three-component catalysts. This indicates that they make it possible to reduce the amount of emissions of the three most harmful substances - carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (NA) and nitrogen oxides (NOX).

Recovery catalyst is the first stage of the catalytic converter. It applies rhodium and platinum to help reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOX).

The second stage of the catalytic neutralizer is the oxidation catalyst. It reduces the number of unburned carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons when they are oxidized in the neutralizer due to palladium and platinum.

There are two main variations of the structures used in catalysts - ceramic and cellular. Most cars today apply a cellular structure.

As for the third stage of the catalyst work, it is based on the control system, which monitors the flow of exhaust gases and applies this data to control the fuel injection system in the motor.

Malfunctions and causes of catalyst breakdown

1. Mechanical damage (at shock), as a result of which the destruction of the ceramic core occurred.
   
2. The use of poor-quality fuel or deviation in the fuel and air mixture. When the fuel is used with an overestimated iron content, the particles of metal cease to the neutralization reaction.
3. Increased content of hydrocarbons in the exhaust (non-regulated motor) and an excessively depleted mixture leads to a significant reduction in the service life of the catalyst. They actually destroy it.
   
4. Penetration of lubricant in the graduation path entails the baking of this lubricant on the working surface.
5. As SOST specialists noticed, when using fuel with a high content of additives, which are able to increase the temperature of the exhaust gases, it is possible to melt the catalyst cells and its failure.
6. If a car pulls on a tow or pushing a car to start a motor or pushed, there is a risk of incurred gasoline. In this case, an unwanted chemical reaction occurs capable of bringing to an explosion.
   
7. No less adversely affects contact with cold water. In the process of overcoming the aqueous barrier, the liquid can get on the Celsius heated to 900 degrees.

Signs of breakdown

1. The vehicle is "tupit", they float the speed at idle, the car ceases to "pull", the dynamic characteristics deteriorate, the neutralizer can get hot (the catalytic neutralizer has been scored, that is, the exhaust gases are reduced).
2. Characteristic rattling and ringing (catalyst cells crumbled).

The catalyst failed, can it be repaired

If the catalyst fails, you will have two solutions to the problem:

1. Acquisition and installation of a new node with a catalyst. Although it is quite expensive, but in the future you will not have additional problems, and the contamination of the atmosphere will be at a minimum level.
   
2. Alternatively, knocking out the old element, which entails such consequences - an increase in the fuel consumption as a result of changing the parameters of the graduation path, it will take a flashing of the ECU, since as a result of removal of the catalyst with oxygen sensors, the system malfunction will be given all the time (the "Check will constantly burn ").

The catalyst is not subject to repair. It can only be replaced with a universal or "native". It is also possible to replace the neutralizer to the plane arrester.

New catalyst why he is so expensive

Dragmetals are used for the production of catalytic neutralizer - platinum, rhodium, palladium. Therefore, the cost of the element is very high. It is worth noting that the higher the category of sputtering, the more the precious metals are used, that is, the higher the level of the norms, which corresponds to the spraying (Euro-2,3,4), the greater the amount of precious metals is required for full oxidation. Cheap catalysts do not match the required standards, as a result of which when installing this element, the "check" will constantly burn.

Universal catalyst from folk craftsmen

Original catalysts are quite expensive, which forces car owners to look for other ways to solve the problem. Some mounted on their car the plane sensor, and some prefer the universal catalyst.

In principle, universal catalysts are the same devices, only in a low price category. Like the original catalytic converters, they are ceramic and metal. The latter, at the same time, are considered more durable. Their work occurs exactly for such a principle, as well as original catalysts, so when applying it is not required to reflash the on-board computer of the car.

A significant drawback of universal catalysts is their short service life. Even "durable" metal aggregates rarely work more than two years. Although practicing shows, even this period is too large. As a rule, in the passage of the second technical inspection, the level of destructive substances in exhaust gases exceeds the norm that does not allow to undergo control of the technical condition of the vehicle.

It happens that the neutralizer does not cope with the required task as a result of the fact that it cannot achieve the desired temperature. Therefore, when removing the level of the level of CO, try forced to take it out. The catalyst can be brought to the working condition by increasing the rotor of the motor, holding them at the big level (5500-6000 revolutions per minute) for several minutes. Most often after such an execution, the catalyst "wakes up", with which it is possible to obtain the required exhaust level.

Flamesteller instead of catalyst

1. To make a globatory, you will need two iron pipes, one of which in diameter should coincide with the exhaust pipe of the vehicle, and the other to have a large diameter, which will be the plane housing. In addition, we reserve simple kitchen metal washcloths.

   

2. Further throughout the area in the inner tube we drill holes with a diameter of about three millimeters. Then it must be pasted inside the housing (i.e., another pipe of large diameter). Now brewing one of the parties.

   

3. In the middle of the inner tube by mounting the washer, in which there should be a hole equivalent to the diameter of a smaller (internal) pipe.

   

4. After that, we pushed metal washcloths between the two pipes (it seems like putting them on the pipe smaller diameter) and tightly tamper. Fill out all the space. It will take about 25 washcloths. Then you cut off the free edge of the pipe with a large diameter, bend it and dislike.

Advantages and disadvantages Flame of the exterior

Advantages of the plane sensor:

1. Motor power increase.
2. Warranty on the plane arrester (when purchasing an already ready-made glue, and not made personally).
3. High reliability.
4. Large service life.
5. Low cost.

Disadvantages of the flamesteller:

1. The need for additional activities (setting the "deceptions", the firmware of the control unit).
2. Loss of warranty on the vehicle (for new cars).
3. In exhaust gases will increase the indicators of harmful substances.

Cheering lambda probe, how to deceive the lambda probe when replacing the catalyst for the planeencitel

When removing the catalyst and the installation of the planeencitel, the lambda probe, which is located near the catalytic neutralizer, will issue an error about its malfunction. In this case, the disconnection of the oxygen sensor from the vehicle wiring will not be able to solve the problem. Therefore, you should or reprogram the oxygen sensor under the Euro-2 standard, or install an electronic or mechanical bevel of the oxygen sensor (controller, emulator). Fooling limits the flow of exhaust to the lambda probe and corrects its work, given the changed conditions of the exhaust system. But, the effectiveness of its use works not one hundred percent, since not all cars of the oxygen sensor function can be replaced by the controller.

Receive Tip: To install the flamesector, you need a qualified master and system setup

Undoubtedly, the plane sensor can be made and install independently, but even if this event is successful, you will all be deceived by the catalytic neutralizer, as well as the setting of the entire system. Therefore, it is better to trust this by professionals, to avoid problems with the exhaust system in the future.