Modern automotive is pleased with car enthusiasts by the emergence of new technologies, interesting changes and significant improvements. However, despite this, the checkpoint is one of the main nodes of the car. In this article, we will analyze the design of modern transmissions, consider the most common types of gearbox and try to understand which one is better to choose in a particular situation.

Transmission, Types of Boxes

To date, there are several most common PPCs:

1. Mechanical gearbox.
   
2. Automatic checkpoint.
   
3. Variators.
   
4. Combined gearbox.
   

MCPP Device and principle of mechanics

MCPP consists of couplings, synchronizers, gears and shafts. The engine and gearbox are connected by the clutch node. For their separation, it is necessary to squeeze the clutch pedal. It is at this moment that should include the required transmission.

When you select the transmission, the competent driver focuses on the current road environment and vehicle speed. It is quite convenient for those who prefer an active, maneuverable ride - for a sharp acceleration there is an opportunity to include reduced transmission.

However, there is one significant drawback. Imagine only, you are in the center of the city, the rush hour, you get into the next stopper and you always have to pull the lever of the PPC.

Key constructive advantages MCPP:

1. Easy service and operation.
2. Reliability.
3. Small weight.
   
4. High efficiency.
5. Compactness.
   

Interestingly, "mechanics" is also provided in the car for Rural and highway races, but instead of the switching lever, special buttons are used on the steering column - submissive "petals", allowing to significantly reduce the duration of the gear shift.

To achieve maximum smoothness of the car's movement with the manual transmission, you need experience. In addition, each car has its own features of the work of the clutch and PP, to which you need to get used to.

Automatic transmission device and automatic work principle

I propose to consider the classic three-step automatic transmission, which consists of hydraulic drives and a torque converter. She, like "Mechanics," accepts and transforms torque. Its structure consists of a hydraulic control system, a planetary gearbox and a torque converter.

Imagine a fan and an ordinary children's toy with a propeller. If you bring this toy to the fan turned on, the propeller will also start spinning. In the automatic gearbox, the screw leads to the movement not a fan, but the motor of the car.

The second screw is connected to the shaft, which interacts with a key design consisting of couplings, gear and so on. The screws are located in a hermetically closed housing with a special liquid - a torque converter.

Classical automatic transmission makes it possible to do without pressing the clutch pedal, which is quite convenient, and especially those who constantly drive the streets of a metropolis with a very busy traffic. At the right moment, the driver presses the brake pedal or accelerator. Among the disadvantages of automatic transmission, an increased consumption of fuel and tangible speed switching should be noted.

All models of transmissions have their weaknesses, but the automatic transmission on the old car is able to become a real headache. And it belongs not only to weak design places, and to the quality of service. Banal lack of oil is able to lead to premature wear. The solenoids are not rarely burning, friction facilities, fails.

Other flaws of classical automatic transmission:

1. The car can not be taken from the "Tolkach".
2. Towing a car with automatic transmission limits or prohibits the manufacturer itself.
   
3. When driving driving a car much more difficult.
4. Expensive service and details.
   

Variator, stepless gearboxes, device and principle of operation

The principle of operation of the variator can be explained on a simple example. Recall the mountain bike - a chain and two stars of various diameters. In the rear wheel, more than the stars, which was previously considered an object of extraordinary pride.

It works as follows. We use a large-diameter asterisk, and it becomes easier to go. And on a flat road, a smaller diameter asterisk is used, and even at least you have to make great efforts, the speed is recruited much faster.

The variator works along a similar scheme, but instead of the chain, the belt is used, and the stars replace the pulleys. As in the rear wheel of the mountain bike, the function of several stars performs one pulley, which is capable of changing the diameter.

Guided by the commands of the ECU, the pulley diameter is adjusted. Belt transmission is connected metal plates or multi-part chain. The advantage is obvious - the effective and comfortable work of the variator eliminates the impressions and jerks, which are characteristic of automatic transmission.

Disadvantages of the variator:

1. Slobs are capable of leading serious faults.
2. Horregious.
3. It fails without a classic hydrotransformer, and this complication of the mechanism and additional costs.
   
4. Complex work with engine software (it is necessary to eliminate the typical hum that occurs when the speed set).

Combined type gearbox

For automatic transmission apply the combined principle of operation. This specification consists of a torque converter and manual transformer. A planetary type gearbox is used in the manual transformer (used instead of clutch) and stepless adjustment of the torque. In the newest automatic transmission, seven or eight gears are applied.

The advantage of combined automatic transmissions switches smoothly, and the reliability of work is much higher. Minus - a much greater fuel consumption and acceleration takes slower.

Some types of combined gearbox use the imitation of the manual PP Stratronics and Tittronic.

To date, the automatic transmission can be attributed to the automatic transmission to the automatic transmission, so the variator and robotic gearbox, since they all have electronic control.

In addition, an adaptive gearbox is also related to the automatic transmission, which is capable of taking into account the driving style of the car owner.

Tips Profi, what to choose

Hydromechanical automatic transmission is ideal for small minibuses or SUVs who prefer comfort than switching speed.

Variators will appreciate the lovers of measured and smooth driving.

Combined PPCs are often installed on budget models of cars. Excellently coped with the task - the maximum economy of fuel in urban mode.