Probably it is impossible to find a car owner who has never encountered the problem of a difficult start of the motor at low temperatures. Theoretically, the vehicle should be started even in the strongest frost, but in practice it is not always carried out.

You can select a number of typical causes of the problem launch of the engine in winter, which everyone knows and which are well studied, but continue to deliver the trouble to motorists, namely:

1. Problem fuel.
2. Poorly adjusted ignition system.
3. Too thick motor oil.
4. Starter malfunction.
5. Weak battery.

There are no absolutely identical situations. It happens that difficulties with the winter launch in a certain transport are caused by a certain reason, but at once several. In this case, this problem needs to be addressed comprehensively and, perhaps, involve specialists of a hundred. In autumn, you need to think about the preparation of your car to operate in winter conditions and spend all the activities that are contained in the operational documents. About this further in the article.

Car rechargeable battery, power, charge, electrolyte density

The weak battery is the leader of the rating of problems with the launch of the power unit at low temperatures. Possible causes are low battery charge, incorrect operation, the critical age of the battery (more than three years), a malfunction of one or several cans. And it manifests itself as follows:

1. Control lamps on the instrument panel shine dimly.
2. The starter is not able to scroll the motor either makes only a few slow revolutions.

If the charge was only enough for a few turns of the engine, before the new startup attempt, try to "warm up" the battery by turning on the near-light headlights over a few seconds, which will help the battery to provide much larger starting current with a new attempt.

If there is some time in front of the departure, take the battery to the warm room and let him warm up. When you reach the battery with a plus temperature, you can connect it to the charger for a while.

With battery terminals, you must remove the connectors. Next, clean the contact surfaces from possible contamination and oxides, then connect the wires again and secure them securely. Very often, the usual pulling of contacts makes it possible to ensure the start of the motor.

If the vehicle has a manual box, it can be started with a tow or by the people with a pusher.

You can also searcate with a battery of another car.

However, if all of these measures do not help, you need to purchase and install a new battery on the vehicle. If there is a stock of free space in the installation site, think about the acquisition of a battery a little greater tank.

You can prevent the appearance of a problem with the battery in such ways:

1. The vehicle is perfectly started, if the battery has spent the day before in the warm room. Most of the Ural drivers, Siberia, as well as the northern regions of Russia, take the battery at night.
2. All problems with starting are drastically solved by mounting the vehicle of the Webasto system or other devices of the engine preheater. Another option of instruments controls the temperature reduction in the engine compartment and systematically turns the engine to maintain it in the desired range.

Starter car, contacts of the retractor relay, starter contamination with liquids, feeding supply wires

The possible cause of a starter fault is the inter-touch closure of its winding. Even with a charged and serviceable battery, the starter is not able to provide a sufficient effort to turn the cold motor, although consumes at the moment a significant current. Sometimes, the cause of failure lies not in the state of the electrical part, but in the violation of the electromotor rotor center.

How it manifests itself:

1. Foreign noise in the electric motor when trying to start.
2. When the starter is checked, the starter creates an insufficient effort for scrolling the power unit.

Even at the beginning of winter, check the state of the positive contact of the retractor relay, as well as the integrity of the tip closing contact. Oxidized or loose contact is able to impede the work of the starter and lead to sparking, and after that, and to the absolute disappearance of contact.

Starter is one of the most powerful energy consumers. In conditions of large loads on the winder windings, heat is highlighted. If the motor is seriously rotated, the heat stands out more, and the long work of the starter may well end it with fire. Therefore, it is not recommended to rotate the motor for a long time.

Auto oil in winter, synthetic or mineral? How to choose quality oil in the cold season

Do not save on oil. There are several basic lubricant replacement rules:

1. It is necessary to systematically change it. At least once every half a year or 10 thousand mileage kilometers. Even if the replacement of the lubricant is recommended by the manufacturer after 15 thousand kilometers, it is desirable not to bring it to a critical state.
2. It is necessary to replace the lubricant in the fall in the fall, so that in the most difficult winter period it is possible to guarantee freshness of oil.
   
3. Do not use mineral or semi-synthetic oil in winter. The feature of the synthetic lubricant is that it is stored in liquid state even in the strongest frost. What oil is thick, the longer the oil starvation of the power unit continues. The feed rate of lubricant in the lubrication places is significantly affected by the motor resource. And, most basic - thick oil increases the resistance of rotating elements when the engine starts.

Given all the above, after the starter, one of the most important factors of the quick launch of the motor in winter days is the right choice of lubricant. When purchasing oil, consult the seller. Do not buy oil from trays or on the market. It is advisable to contact the corporate service and choose the oil that is best suited for your vehicle model.

Fuel, pay attention to good quality winter fuel

First, consider the engines running on gasoline.

If water enters fuel, then with a large frost it freezes and is able to completely paralyze the operation of the power system. If the fuel still passes through the hoses and pipelines, as a result of the connection with water, it evaporates poorly and even with a normal spark cannot ignite. This problem is diagnosed with visual inspection of candles. In addition, after trying to start the launch of the exhaust pipe, it smells not burnt gasoline.

There may be two reasons for this:

1. Gasoline is diluted with water. Make it can attackers at refueling, but other reasons are also possible. To avoid this, refuel the car only with high-quality fuel on reliable gas stations.
2. At minus temperatures on the walls of the gas tank, condensate appears and dripped into gasoline. Therefore, in winter, try to keep the benzobak full so that less condensate is formed. It is also useful to apply a fuel filter with a special sump, where water will be gathered.

Translate the car into a warm room, drain gasoline and clean the components of the fuel system. In some cases, a good result provides the use of "gasoline dryers". You can buy them in the auto chemical department. Use the tool carefully, sticking to the instructions.

As for diesel engines, one of the most common problems with them is the "summer" wasolar. In the cold, such fuel can move into an embelting condition, and the fuel system is made impassable as a result of the resulting paraffin flakes. At the same time, the starter turns properly, but the motor does not start. The exhaust pipe does not smell fuel, there are no evaporation.

To avoid this, apply only diesel fuel that corresponds to the season. If strong cooling begins, add a special antigel or depressor additives to it.

To eliminate this problem, rinse with hot water fuel filter, nozzles and high pressure pump. Work with water extremely carefully so that it does not hit the electrical equipment, especially the starter and the generator.

Fuel pump checking its condition

The fuel pump is quite often the cause of this problem. It is located in the fuel tank. To check its performance, it is necessary to unscrew the lid of the throat of the gas tank when the ignition is turned off and ask the helper to turn the ignition key to the "ass" mode. At this time, you must put your ear to the neck and listen carefully. In fact, on all models of cars, you can hear how for 1-2 seconds after switching on the ignition, the fuel pump begins to work. Make this event several times, including and turning off the ignition by turning the key.

If the computer does not see the signal from the crankshaft sensor, it turns off the power supply on the fuel pump. If you could not hear that he began to work, then or you listened poorly, or you need to check the fuel pump fuse. Replace the fuse if it burned, and go to the service to establish the cause of combustion.

Fuel filter, check its performance

The fuel filter is another possible reason that the vehicle does not start in winter. The contaminated filter passes the fuel very slowly, as a result of which it is not sufficient for normal operation of the motor. To eliminate the breakdown, the fuel filter must be replaced.

Car Ignition System, Auto Candle Conditions, Sparking System

Large currents of leakage of faulty tips, high-voltage wires or other components of electrical equipment lead to the fact that sparking on candlelight deteriorates either at all.

The starter turns vigorously the shaft, but the motor will not start. Check the spark on the central trimmer wire, and also alternately check the high-voltage wires of each cylinder, which will make it possible to find out the presence of either the absence of spark. If there is normal sparking, check the condition of the candles. If the voltage is present when entering the rubber, but does not reach the candles - check the slider and contacts the traver.

Depending on the deficiencies detected, replace problem nodes or part - rubber, candles, damaged coil or wire. Spraying high-voltage wires with a special aerosol, you can partially protect them from leaks. Candles can simply wipe, rinse or hide.

Other, which prevents start-up (security systems, immobilizers, locks and other frills and the quality of their installation)

If one of the electronic systems installed on your car has malfunctions, in many respects modern transport, the engine control system is capable of blocking the ability to start the power unit. Very often, the reason for the failure of the motor launch lies in a malfunction or poor-quality installation of the electronic anti-theft system - immobilizer.

As a rule, when it breaks, the computer does not perceive the key in which the chip with an electronic code is located, which turns off the security system. These electronic systems, unfortunately, cannot be checked independently, since special equipment must be for diagnostics.

Compression, check the pressure in the cylinders

In many ways, transport with a large mileage, the optimal compression indicators are preserved at the expense of oil that fills the space between the cylinder wall and lay down rings. In the frosty time, when the thick lubricant flows down and is supplied up by the oil pump when trying to start, gasoline is poured on top, dissolving it and flushing from the cylinder walls. As a result, the compression drops sharply and the car refuses to start.

Every day, before starting, measuring compression is a stupid and ungrateful matter, but this compression may well be the cause of refusal.

Tips Profi: If the car in the frost spends on the street, install heated toosol

If you leave the vehicle for the night on the street at low temperatures, install the fuel filter heater, which significantly increases the chances of the cold engine start.