Suspension is one of the most important vehicle components. It is to this site attracted the attention of the mass of engineers and designers. Types of car suspensions are different, depending on the value of the car, and drive, of course, the segment occupied by the model. About this further in the article.

car suspension, why and what hangs on it

suspension system or a vehicle suspension - a collection of mechanisms, units and parts, which play the role of a bridge between the road and the car body. Suspension performs the following functions:

1. Physically connects the rigid axle or wheel bearing system auto - frame or body.
2. It supplies the bearing system moments and forces which occur in the interaction with the road wheels.
3. Provides the desired character moving wheels comparatively frame or body, as well as the desired smoothness.

The main components of the suspension are:

1. The components provide elasticity.
2. The components of the distribution direction of the force.
3. Components stabilization lateral stability.
4. Quenching component.
5. Fasteners.

There are lots of types of suspensions. Some used previously, and others are used now, so we will look at the types that are in the modern automotive industry most widely.

Suspension MCPherson, arrangement, merits and demerits

This variation of the suspension was designed by engineer Earl MacPherson in 1960. Named in honor of the inventor. Its main components:

1. Lever arm.
2. Anti-roll bar.
3. Block (consisting of the spring element and telescopic damper).

Another name for the telescopic shock absorber - "Swinging plug" since it is attached to the body by a hinge and is able to swing, when the wheel moves up and down.

In this type of suspension has its drawbacks - a significant transformation of the camber angle, but it is very popular due to the simplicity of design, reliability and democratic price.

Double wishbone suspension device, merits and demerits

One of the most sophisticated circuits. It is a suspension with two arms of different lengths (a short and a long upper bottom) that ensures the minimum car tire wear and excellent lateral stability to the roadway (transverse movement of the wheel in general unimportant).

Consequently, each wheel takes hillocks and pits irrespective of the others - this makes it possible to maintain a normal grip with the road tires, and the highest ratio of the vertical to the road.

Multilink suspension device, merits and demerits

This variation of the suspension a bit like a two-lever system, but it is much better and more difficult. It is not surprising that it went all the advantages of the previous types. This is a set of joints, silent blocks and levers that secure the special subframe. Most of the "Silent" and ball bearings not only provides excellent smoothness and excellent and blows was quenched with a sharp collision with any obstacle. Furthermore, they reduce the noise in the passenger compartment from the wheels.

This scheme allows you to achieve the best possible tire adhesion to any type of road surface, refined ride and handling. The advantages of a multi-link suspension:

1. Optimum steering wheel.
2. Low unsprung masses.
3. The individual longitudinal and transverse adjustment.
4. each wheel independently.
5. Good potential in full-wheel drive.

The only but significant lack of "multi-dimensions" is a high cost. It is worth noting that earlier this type of suspension was used only on executive cars. In our time, it is equipped even a golf class machine.

Adaptive pendant, device, pluses and cons pendants

Adaptive suspensions are radically different from other variations. When creating such a scheme as a basis was taken hydropneumatic suspension, which was sold to Mercedes Benz and Citroen cars. However, then she was severe enough, primitive and occupied a lot of space. Today, the designers got rid of all such minuses, and the only drawback of adaptive suspension is based on its complexity.

Advantages of adaptive suspension:

1. Automatic adaptation for any pavement.
2. Adaptation under a certain driver.
3. Forcibly changeable damping.
4. Excellent stability.
5. High security.
6. Wave routing at high speeds and minimum casual rolls.

Different concerns apply their adaptive suspension schemes, but their shaft features are the same. In any adaptive design include such components:

1. Electronic sensors - clearance, uneven road and so on.
2. Chassis control unit.
3. Active racks shock absorbers.
4. Stabilizers of transverse stability (there is the ability to adjust).

The control unit analyzes the information received from the sensors, after which the commands to shock absorbers and the stabilizer sends. All this happens in fact instantly.

"De Dion" suspension, pros and cons

This suspension is also named in honor of the inventor (and MCPherson), which was the Frenchman Albert De Dion. The appointment of this type of suspension is to reduce the load (by separating the crankcase of the primary transfer) to the rear axle of the car. If it was previously attached directly to the bridge beam, now the carger is fixed on the body itself.

This makes it possible to transmit torque by semi-axes, which are fixed on the shurts. However, it was not possible to get rid of the main drawbacks of all dependent variations of this suspension. For example, it is in fact it impossible to slow down "without Clevkov", and in the case of a sharp start, the car simply "squats" to the rear wheels. Contrary to attempts to eliminate data disadvantages by installing additional components (guides), the unbalanced behavior of the machine remains the main problem.

Rear dependent suspension, suspension classics

This type is characteristic of the "classic" Lada. The peculiarity of this design - coil springs, which act as elastic components. These two springs "hangs" beam rear axle, which is fixed to the body by means of four longitudinal arms.

This set of complementary reactive transverse link, the purpose of which improve the performance and manageability to extinguish body roll.

Ride and comfort is poor, due to the large weight of the unsprung masses and the rear axle. This is especially true when it turns leading rear axle, since the beam is attached to the main transmission housing, gearbox and other elements.

Semi rear suspension apparatus, the advantages and disadvantages

This scheme is very common and is used in the construction of many modern-wheel drive vehicles. It represents two longitudinal arm, attached to the cross in the center. This type of suspension has many advantages:

1. Light weight.
2. Small size.
3. Best kinematics wheels.
4. Ease of repair and maintenance.
5. A significant decrease in the unsprung masses.

Less of this design - the inability to use on rear-wheel drive cars.

SUV suspension and pickup device, merits and demerits

In different models of SUVs designers are a variety of ways. It depends on the destination and weight of the SUV. There are three variations of suspension applied:

1. Fully dependent suspension.
2. Fully independent option.
3. Independent front and rear dependent scheme.

The rear axle is generally equipped with a spring or leaf spring suspension not cutting in combination with rigid axles. Springs used in the creation of heavy SUVs and pickups, as they are unpretentious, reliable and able to withstand heavy loads. In addition, such a scheme is cheap enough, causing springs equip some budget cars.

Spring scheme has long stroke and softness. It is more focused on comfort and is mounted on the light jeeps.

The front axle is usually applied dependent spring or torsion circuit. Some jeeps equipped rigid beam axle, but this solution in our time is rare.

Suspension of trucks, equipment, advantages and disadvantages

In trucks, as a rule, a dependent design with hydraulic type shock absorbers and longitudinal or transverse springs is used. Due to its simplicity, this suspension is widely used in production to the present.

Longitudinal springs are recorded in body brackets. The bridge is suspended to the brackets. Shock absorbers are attached to the rear axle beam. The main role in such a design is allocated to springs, which maintain the bridge, bind the body with the wheel and act as guide components.

However, this simplicity is determining only in production. The driver has to deal with unsatisfactory controllability of cars at high speeds. Sproughts are not ideal as guide components. Accordingly, the grip of the wheels with an expensive is significantly different.

RESULTS

It is worth noting that the considered types of automotive suspension are the most common in our time, but this is not the entire list of existing variations.