An experienced motorist always feels like a vehicle behaves on the road, and, on the basis of individual features, determines which system to be diagnosed. If irregularities on the road are increasingly felt in the car's cabin, then most likely it is time to check the suspension or its individual components. About this further in the article.

Shock absorber, device and purpose

The shock absorber is designed to quench the jolts and shocks, which when moving receives the car body by means of wheels. In addition, the shock absorbers provide reliable contact of the vehicle wheels with the roadpapers. So their destination is not only comfort, but safety.

Previously, cars were not equipped with shock absorbers. Their functions were performed by springs - the quenching of vibrations was made due to the friction of the sheets from became each other. The speed with which cars could move were constantly growing, as a result of which new systems had to develop for safety and comfort. Thus, the racks existed in the form of a block of compressed friction discs, which worked as follows: Vibrations were quenched at the expense of the effort, with which the discs were rotated relative to each other. After some time, it was necessary to abandon such a design, since the discs were quickly wearing and overheated.

In the 20s of the twentieth century, the output was found. The solution to the problem was the use of a liquid that having the vibration of the body, moving from one tank to another under pressure.

By its design, the rack can be divided into a number of major variations. In structure, they, as a rule, are one-tube and two-pipe.

Shock absorbers are distinguished by the type of fluid, which they are filled - gas (with a gas hydraulic subpode) and hydraulic. There are simply gas shock absorbers, but they are used very rarely. Gas in them is under high pressure (about 60 atm).

The operation of the shock absorber is the hydraulic resistance or gas resistance. Oil acts as a liquid. There are varieties of racks in which, besides oil, the resistance gives a squeezing and compressive gas.

The shock absorber itself is conditionally divided into piston and cylinder. Inside the cylinder, depending on the modification, there are chambers - or with gas and butter, or with air and oil. In both cases, the piston walks inside the cylinder, dropping and rising. In the second case, the piston resists the pressure generated by a compressive gas chamber. In the first - the piston moves with the resistance, which occurs as a result of the flow of oil by means of valves into another chamber.

Checking the shock absorber, is it possible to split the body, modern auto, check the power of the shock absorber

Earlier, on old models of classic cars with past types and models of shock absorbers, the serviceability of the racks could be determined very simple - with the help of a bunch of body. The complex design of the modern automotive suspension does not allow visually to make objective conclusions about the help of the shock absorber. However, there are a lot of other effective methods that we will consider below.

The shock absorber does not work which troubles threaten the car and the driver if the shock absorber failed

The main malfunction of the shock absorbers is the change in their operational parameters, which occurs as a result of the disruption of tightness, mechanical damage or wear of the working elements (stem) of the shock absorber.

The malfunction of the shock absorbers leads to the following consequences:

1. Violation of car manageability. Remember the expression "I did not cope with the control ...". Some drivers sometimes are surprised - well, how can I handle it with him? In fact, everything is simple: when turning the rotation at the speed, the defective shock absorbers made a car spontaneously moving bunch of metal.
   
2. Reducing load capacity.
3. Reduced coursework vehicle stability.
4. Increasing the brake path, the risk of "care" to the side with extreme or middle braking.
5. Acceleration of wear and breakdowns of such suspension components, like supports of racks, springs, silent blocks, hub bearings, shruches, and so on.
6. Deterioration of the ride comfort.

Checking the shock absorber, how to check the help of the shock absorber with its own forces without dismantling the shock absorber

It is very important that this method can only check the help of the shock absorber, rather than its performance. The correspondence of the racks by the manufacturer's technical characteristics is a separate conversation.

You can independently check the help of the shock absorber without dismantling you can only visually - to diagnose the presence of mechanical damage (i.e. dents) and the goodness of tightness.

If oil leaks and stains are observed on the housing of the shock absorber, immediately draw out the conclusion that the seals were worn out, which indicates the emergence of the shock absorber.

The people there is an opinion that the oil "fog" on the case is a malfunction, but it is not. When the shock absorber is running, this flask is considered a normal phenomenon.

When carrying out the diagnosis of the shock absorber, after dismantling it, it is necessary to pay special attention to the rod - it should not be jackets, traces of corrosion A, especially deformation.

How to check the shock absorber on performance using a device with a movement sensor

This device is "manual". It is attached to the wing of the car, and the sensor is put on the ground. The body rippled produce information. At the same time, factory parameters are introduced into the device, which are the speed of the shock absorber. The performance of the rack is diagnosed in percentage ratio.

Shock Test (Shock-Test) Diagnostics of the shock absorber

Shock test produced on a special stand. The wheels of the axis should be lift and drop sharply. The computer registers the attenuation coefficient of rack oscillations.

Express diagnostics of the shock absorber

Express diagnostics provides sharp braking. It is carried out on a stand with special platforms. At the same time, the brake system is checked. The car must enter the platform and brake sharply. The car body fluctuations are fixed, as well as the load on the platform sensors. Although the accuracy of this method leaves much to be desired.

Checking the load of the shock absorber amplitude-resonant way

Checking the shock absorbers amplitude-resonant method is based on the analysis of amplitude (that is, the values \u200b\u200bof movements) of the platform with a vehicle wheel mounted on it. The platform is reported by oscillations whose frequency is about 16 Hz. As the data is attenuated, the oscillations occurs resonance - an increase in the amplitude of oscillations when the frequency of the fluctuations of the platform and the own frequency of the vehicle suspension. The larger values \u200b\u200bof the amplitude reaches, the worse extinguishes the oscillations of the shock absorber. Next, the stand compares the measurement results with the reference data, after which it issues the conclusion about the performance of the shock absorber.

New shock absorbers, how to check the shock absorber at the place of purchase from the seller

1. Outdoor, visual inspection. Check marking. It must match the manufacturer's catalog. Next, you need to check the shock absorber for the presence of various mechanical damage to the glands, housing, rod and so on. Check threaded connections. Of course, there should be no inclusions of oil.
2. Checking geometric compliance. You need a caliper and ruler. It is necessary to check the length in the shift state, the rod diameter and the rod move (orient or on the manufacturer's recommendation, or to deviate from the nominal value - ± 5 mm).
   
3. Checking the performance of the shock absorber. Single tube are checked without prior preparation. They should be compressed and stretched for about 3-5 times. The rod must move smoothly, without sharp jolts and jamming, with the same effort. There should be no extraneous creak and noise, in addition to the natural "suggestion", which is the result of the flow of fluid inside the rack. Dual-pipe must be prepared to pre-prepare - pump out several times (3-5), put up vertically, after which it does not turn the shock absorber.

Tips Prof.

Diagnose problems that are associated with the work of the shock absorbers is very simple - the car is noticeably shaking when it hits the bumps, the characteristic tapping is heard. The main problem associated with the arrival of this device into disrepair is that this process occurs gradually (the exception is the gas and oil shock absorbers, which are due to its design, are able to fail instantly). So, the motorist can adapt to such behavior of the machine and do not rush to repair. However, in the meantime, the wear of the tires and the braking path increases, the steering is worse. It may seem to you that these are little things, but, on the other hand, in emergency cases, the malfunction of the shock absorbers can significantly affect their outcome.

It is worth noting that in transport, which is equipped with electronic braking systems (EBD, ABS, and so on), defective shock absorbers will not rarely lead to malference failures.