In modern Russia, the quality of the road surface is one of the global problems with which it does not seem to be able to cope even with the most enormous efforts. In major cities, pay more attention to the state of the road surface, repairing multi-kilometer sections daily. However, it is necessary to roll away from the main roads almost to the side, you can immediately get on the roads full of holes and other irregularities. Unfortunately, normal movement on such roads is impossible.

Road activity what it is

Every year the number of cars on the roads of the country is becoming more and more, the transportation of goods and passenger traffic between cities increases. The increased amount of transport has a negative effect on the quality of the road surface. Also, the gradual temperature differences in the winter is very affected, when the moisture falls into the resulting cracks in the asphalt. At the occurrence of frosts, the moisture freezes and begins to expand, leading to the destructive effect of the road surface. Therefore, often after winter, the condition of the roads in the country deteriorates significantly.

The road is the object of the transport infrastructure of the region, which is intended to move a large number of vehicles. Roads also include small areas located along the asphalt coating. Additional protective structures and other elements that are directly involved in ensuring safe traffic.

In essence, road activities are a set of measures for project work, construction and subsequent repair work. Today, there are several types of repair work, which include capital work or partial "update" of road coverage. Thanks to road activities, the condition of the roads must adhere to a much high level. However, unfortunately, the good condition and quality of roads and adjacent territories remains to dream.

Road activities are regulated by many areas that are associated with the construction of protective structures on the roads. These include parts of landscaping, which have a specialized purpose, as a protective element. Also, such types of facilities include the installation of protective fences and devices, which are the noise and wind barrier along the lively trails in the settlements and on other necessary sites.

Also, projects include design, construction and subsequent maintenance of the state of artificial road facilities, which are intended for the automotive communication, transitions for pedestrians and places for animal running. The construction of bridges, overpasses, tunnels, overpass and other artificial elements of highways is envisaged.

Various elements that are used to improve roads are also referred to federal law, which regulates the installation of additional facilities to ensure additional security. In particular, for such purposes, road signs are used, various fences, lighting devices for movement adjustment, complexes for public transport stop, lighting equipment, parking spaces, sidewalks and much more.

The whole process of road activities are regulated by Federal Law No. 237-FZ of November 8, 2007 "On the roads and road activities in the Russian Federation and on amending the individual legislation of the Russian Federation".

Owners of highways - who they are

According to federal laws, certain areas of roads are owned by the executive bodies of state power and local executive bodies that manage the departments of the municipality. It is these state structures that have a direct impact on obtaining subsidies for maintenance and overhaul roads. In addition to state bodies, certain areas of roads can be transferred and be owned by individuals and legal entities who have separate sections and areas at their disposal, in which the coating for transport support can be laid.

In order to consolidate a separate section of the road behind non-state faces, it is necessary to obtain a certain real right to carry out their technical and operational support. Only after that, it is possible to include some federal highways, or areas of the roads of regional importance to affiliation to individual physically and legal entities.

In order to determine the owner of an automobile road, it is necessary to make data into a single state register of roads, where its owner will be indicated, the identification number and length of the site. In addition to these information, it is important those in which all types of road transport are spelled out for transportation in separate sites.

After receiving the physical or legal entity, the right to use a separate section of the road, a person is obliged to contact a special state body within 30 days, which performs functions on regulating the state property in order to make new information about the road section into the appropriate registry.

Most of the roads are owned by the Russian Federation. Such roads include roads and highways of state importance. All of them are approved by government agencies and transferred to the maintenance and modernization of relevant structures.

At the same time, other roads that do not belong to the state value, and were not approved by the Government of the Russian Federation transferred to the balance of other state subjects or municipal property, for subsequent maintenance and maintenance. Separately, the roads that are in the territorial limits of individual settlements are transmitted, respectively, on the balance sheet of local authorities.

Depending on the territorial location of roads of non-state importance, they can also be transferred to the balance of urban districts, within which they are located, as well as the property of the municipal district, which fulfill the role between settlements within their area.

Thus, the legislation of the Russian Federation provided for the full distribution of roads, each of which is transmitted to the management of certain state, municipal, physical or legal entities. But in practice, it is often to find the owner of certain areas of roads, which must absolutely fully fully maintain and repair, is practically not possible.

And who are the users of highways

The quality of highways in some sections of the Russian Federation every year becomes more worse, deep pits appear on the roads that require emergency repair. In major settlements, the owners of the roads gradually lead them in order, spending a huge number of work on improvement and modernization. Also, every year the number of road participants is increasing, there are more and more trucks capable of transporting multi-torrent cargoes.

According to the federal laws by users of all expensive, which belong to the district, regional, federal authorities, or are privately owned, absolutely all vehicles can be considered, as well as persons who move directly on the roads and adjacent to the sites.

Highway owners undertake to fulfill all the requirements for modernization, improvement, repair and subsequent maintenance of their sites, in order to make the movement of all road traffic participants more secure.

What is the difference between the road overhaul of the road from the repair of the highway

Recently, the lack of financial resources in budgets leads to the fact that the state of roads becomes gradually worse. On the roads there are a large number of damage associated with the deteriorating quality of the road coating itself, the use of low-quality materials for saving money, violations of the rules and technical standards of repair work, as well as disruptions of the operation by most truck carriers spent transportation of goods.

The overhaul of the road is a set of events that are aimed at replacing the coverage of highways, which are produced on the extended areas. Overhaul roads are most often starting to spend from strengthening soil. Such work will eliminate the appearance of defects on the laid asphalt on the possible shift of the soil. Such shifts can occur as a result of the movement of the soil from the presence of a large amount of moisture in the soil.

By its complexity, the overhaul of roads should be equated to the construction stage. However, often the owners save their funds and carry out unfinished and poor-quality maintenance of the road surface. In order to determine the degree of repair work, before their start, diagnostic measures should be conducted and reveal the causes of the problems.

In the event that the movement of the soil began, then the road overhauls should be carried out. Otherwise, it will be enough to carry out an emergency repair, which is most often carried out in the form of a patch (point) repair. Such types of road surface repair are the simplest, and are less long. In such repair work, the minimum number of employees is involved, as well as special techniques. For the shortest possible time it is possible to lead long-distance roads to normal.

What is the reconstruction of the road, the maintenance of the road

When carrying out any complex of work, it is necessary to make an accurate plan, determine their scale and only after that begin to repair work. To begin with, the probable causes of damage on the asphalt coating are determined, only after that it should be determined with the volume of materials. Properly chosen qualitative materials will allow durable repair work.

First of all, when conducting such works, it is necessary to remove the asphalt from the road. After that, the removed asphalt from the road is sent to the asphalt plant for subsequent processing. Thus, the first stage of road reconstruction begins. Instead of the removed asphalt coating from the road, the new and thoroughly rolled out. Such work on the reconstruction of the road are the optimal and rapid solution to the problems with the lines on the roads.

In addition to the asphalt coating of the roads themselves, it is necessary to maintain the adjacent territory along the troches, including light equipment, road signs and markup. Fully all content to bed on the shoulders of the owners of a certain section of the road. However, unfortunately, practice shows that it is almost impossible to find the real owner of the road. Everyone is shifting responsibility for poorly conducted reconstruction on each other, and pits on the roads from year to year continue to grow and becomes deeper. Such poor-quality maintenance of roads leads to the inevitable damage to the driving parts of the vehicles and later to expensive repairs.

Thus, the owners of highways, according to the legislation of the Russian Federation, should provide for users of those businesses a complete list of services aimed at maintaining the quality of the road surface. Otherwise, the lack of content and reconstruction of roads can turn into their owners near the lawsuit. Each car owner who damaged his car transport during the movement on poor-quality road surface can send a lawsuit on road owners to reimburse damage to their damaged car.

The quality of the road is what it is

Each car owner who at least once moved along the roads of the Russian Federation, with the exception of federal highways and major regional centers constantly faced poor quality coverage. This is one of the most large-scale problems of modern road repair. Often local government bodies and road owners are trying to save their funds for repair work on restoration of the road surface, as well as during their design and construction. Thus it turns out that every year the asphalt coating in the country becomes worse and worse.

Now activists are developing special sites in which you can see the actual condition of the road to date. Thus, each wishes can leave their opinion on certain areas of roads, the emergence of new choseli, as well as other information. This is how the civil active community is trying to draw attention to the actualization of the problems of high-quality roads.

To determine the quality of the road surface, it is necessary to watch not only on the surface, it is also deepened below, estimating the thickness of the asphalt coating, the level of rubble, sand, bitumen and many other factors. However, unfortunately, high-quality built roads can not always be assessed visually. Even in the case of the construction of roads according to all the rules and requirements, they can quickly fail on various issues. One of the current problems is the transportation of heavy-overall cargo, especially in the summer.

Logistic companies often neglect the rules of the road, significantly overloading their trucks, thereby increasing the maximum permissible load on the road. Gradually, the roads are broken, and ruts are formed on the roads. Therefore, high-quality roads are sometimes difficult to assess because of such violations.

What does the 2017 Law on the quality of roads

According to the laws of the Russian Federation for the quality of roads, their repair and subsequent maintenance is responsible for the body of state power, or a legal or an individual to whom a certain portion of the road belongs. Road activities in relation to roads of regional importance should fully provide the quality of the road surface, the absence of visible damage, as well as maximize the safety of movement absolutely for all participants in the movement. The safety of road traffic includes the presence of special markup, installed light instruments for adjusting the automotive and illumination of individual parts of the road, as well as the installation of bumps and fences along the curb.

The laws of the Russian Federation provide for all requirements for the operation of roads, as well as control over their condition. The same laws provide for the maintenance of urban streets, intravadal and private roads within populated areas, as well as beyond. All demands were listed in state standards of the Russian Federation № R50597-93 "Car roads and streets. Requirements for the operational state, admissible under the conditions for ensuring road safety, "which were approved by the Decree of the State Standard of the Russian Federation of October 10, 1993 No. 221.

According to this GOST, the asphalt covering of all passage parts of the roads should not have any damage - drawdowns, potholes, pits, cracks and other damage. According to the state requirements, paragraph 3.1.1 of the same GOST, all damage on the road should not prevent the movement of automotive vehicles moving within the resolved speed.

In the case of formation in some parts of the road surface, the crystrine, the choice can be called a hole, if they have a length of 15 cm, the width is 60 cm, and the depth of more than 5 cm. These dimensions were made to state standards to clause №3.1.2 .

According to Articles 3,6,11 and 12 of the Federal Law No. 196-F3 dated December 10, 1995, "On Road Safety", the basic principles affecting road safety were allocated. These principles were the security of the lives of all road users, excess of the importance of economic costs for providing quality roads.

Road service responsibility for road surface quality

Municipal services are required to ensure road safety within the settlements, with the exception of areas of roads belonging to private individuals or legal entities. These services should provide a normal operation and the required number of parking spaces, in order to offer drivers to safely leave their vehicles without creating interference to other participants in the movement.

Local authorities must independently address emerging issues to ensure the safety of traffic on roads, according to the laws of the Russian Federation. According to these laws, the same authorities must independently carry out capital and planned road coating repair, as well as ensure decent maintenance of roads, lighting devices for adjusting the automotive, lighting and other elements.

All responsibility for complying with the established technical norms, rules and standards during the repair and maintenance of highways to fully lie on the shoulders of persons who participate in the content of individual sites.

Road covering how it should be

According to all the requirements and regulatory rules, the road surface must be high-quality, durable, durable and not contain no damage that can make it waterproof. Thus, even an asphalt coating will be able to maximize the winter frosts, when the moisture that fell into damage begins to gradually expand, damaging asphalt.

In addition to these parameters, certain requirements have been established for all roads, according to which during repair and construction work they are given all sorts of requirements for sanitary and hygienic requirements for road surface cleaning. Periodically, special road services carry out work on getting rid of dust with special use of mechanized cleaning.

The surface of the road surface should be made from special qualitative materials that will be sufficiently durable to withstand not only significant temperature differences, but also daily loads from the passage of large-sized transport. Thus, the high-quality road surface will avoid the surface from the possible appearance of colley and other mechanical damage.

To date, road transport is one of the most common ways to move and transport cargo worldwide. His popularity was achieved due to the greatest accessibility and proximity to the person. Every year the number of transport is increasingly growing, the power of the car and the speed of movement increases. Therefore, modern roads should allow creating safe conditions for the operation of cars.

A properly built road from high-quality materials will provide every car owner maximum movement safety. For example, the wrong and low-quality drainage can make a real skating rink from any road, because at a speed of about 100 km / h riding on such sites will be unsafe.

Modern technologies have reached some developments in the sphere of road material. Today, the asphalt coating is made with the addition of all sorts of components, because this is how it is possible to achieve the most secure running characteristics for cars. The most commonly used bitumen emulsions and gravel, the composition of which can be varied depending on the area of \u200b\u200buse. Some will feel great at high ambient temperatures, others in the climate cheese.

Where to complain about poor-quality road surface

Each car owner pays annually to the state treasury transport tax, but most often it does not appear on the quality of the roads. The condition of the roads is getting worse every year.

Today you can wait long to expect the arrival of the road services to the places of appearances of the chosel on the road, because daily thousands of cars receive various injuries on poor-quality roads of the country.

For the state of highways, the municipality should follow, but in case of their inaction, each owner of the car can come with an appeal to the district or urban council. If the city authorities refuse to consider the issue of poor-quality areas of roads, then you can always come to higher authorities, in this case, Rospotrebnadzor.

You can also contact the traffic police control with a statement from dissatisfied drivers, where you should specify damage parameters on the road area, exact location, apply high-quality pictures with faults. In the event that the organization is known for this section, it should also be specified. Send a statement is recommended by registered mail or on the official traffic police website.

After downloading the application to the traffic police site photos and the full description automatically falls as responsible authorities. You can also leave a collective complaint, which will significantly affect the efficiency of actions. The term of consideration of the collective application is 30 days, if the request remained unanswered, the meaning of appeal to the prosecutor's office appears.