Far from auto-industria It is difficult to imagine endless wiring harnesses that are hidden under the trimming of the car. Their metro station is calculated by hundreds of meters, and the troubleshooting becomes a whole problem, which can be solved only with special diagnostic equipment. And if there are difficulties with the operation of the vehicle, the car owner can determine with their own hands the reason for the refusal, or find a node that is unstable functioning precisely as a result of the exit of connecting wires.

Wire Wire Wiring, Wire Quality Requirements

The principle on which you need to base the selection of the cable is to ensure fire safety, since as a result, the vehicle is quite easy to fire quite easily. In any wiring, including in the automotive, there are two main risk factor: current overload and short circuit.

The cable must be chosen so as to prevent overheating and current overload with the correct installation, and the insulation of the wire should be protected from a possible short circuit, as well as minimize the consequences if it happened.

And most importantly: it is important that the cable brings the living energy without significant losses. Car cable must be chosen, given the two main aspects: its physicomechanical parameters and electrical characteristics.

As for the electrical characteristics of the cable, they are responsible for the safety and loss of electricity. Two important parameters - material and diameter of cable veins. They determine certain resistance readings per meter length. The smaller the resistance, the better: less energy is lost on the road from the battery to the destination. In addition, the cable is less heated.

It is much better to apply a wire with copper residential, rather than with aluminum. However, the most effective are veins from oxygen-free copper. Their resistance is even less, but such a cable is more expensive. If we talk about the diameter of the vein, it is desirable to choose more, but do not overdo it.

Physico-mechanical parameters are more to isolation than to the dwelling. Insulation is playing an important role: protects the cable from a short circuit and debris. Therefore, it is important that the insulation does not melting, did not double and not cracking. It must have a certain margin of strength in order to not rush under the conditions of the slightest friction / tension / rolling. There should be no way in any way to react with various products of the chemical industry, which are intended for "prevention", "feeding" and "treatment" of the car.

In general, the responsibility of isolation is to confront all sorts of chemical and physical impacts, which the cable is exposed. In addition, if there is a fire, insulation should not spread the fire.

Wiring schemes of the car where to find a schema?

The electrical circuit of the car is a graphic image of special pictograms and symbols that have a sequential or parallel connection. At the same time, the scheme never displays the actual location of the data of the elements, but only indicates their connection between them. So, the person who disassembles them can, from one glance, determine the principle of electrical appliance.

In fact, all electrical strokes depict the following groups of elements:

• Power supply - generator or battery.
• Conductors - Wires, with which the transmission of electricity is performed on the chain.
• Electricity consumers are all devices or devices that transcribe an electric current in a different type of energy. For example, the cigarette lighter converts electrotes into thermal energy.
• Control equipment - devices that are intended for opening or closing electrocups and may be absent or present in the diagram.

The electrical circuit of a certain car model can easily find on the Internet. We present to your attention several electricity in various models of the VAZ family.

How to search for malfunctions in the wiring of the car, detail

If some actuator or an electrical device stopped functioning, you should not immediately change it. It is possible that the reason for refusal is hidden in violation of the efficiency of wiring, which means the installation of new equipment will not solve the problem.

Any factory guide to the car recommends starting to search for the cause of the breakage of the electrical wires, which connect this mechanism or device with other elements. To do this, arma a multimeter or a 12 V signal light bulb with connecting wires.

check voltage

So, if one of the electronic elements in the car ceased to work, first of all, it is necessary to check the voltage of the electrical circuit connecting it to other devices. For this:

• Turn on the voltmeter mode on the multimeter.
• Connect one of the devices of the device to the negative terminal of the battery (if the checked device is located under the hood) or to the mass of the vehicle, trying to choose a point with a good contact on the body.
• Connect the second probe to the feed cable in the checked chain, dismounting it in advance from the device terminals or device.

If a value appears on the multimeter, it means the wire is correct and the voltage is present in it. Do the operation with other wires, and when you find the point where the voltage is missing, it can be concluded that the source of the breakage is in this segment.

Important! In some car electrkets, the voltage is present only when the key in the ignition lock is in a certain position.

we are looking for a short circuit

This procedure is characterized by a complete absence of voltage in the chain.

• You need to extract the fuse that is responsible for the chain verifiable.
• Translate the multimeter to the module mode.
• Connect one of the probe to the fuse terminals at the moment when the rest of the equipment and instruments of this chain are de-energized.
• Next, move the wire - if the values \u200b\u200bwill appear on the monitor, the wire shorts.

Often this happens with the wires in those places where isolation won.

check the quality of grounding

Since the overwhelming majority of TCs have a single-wire wiring scheme, and all electrical equipment receives "-" through the metal car body, the quality of grounding mechanisms and instruments is playing a decisive role. However, during operation, the elements of the hull:

• Locked.
• Oxidize.
• Rust.

Therefore, electrical contact is lost to the electrical equipment connected to the body and they begin to function with interruptions. To check their serviceability, check the ground reliability:

• Disconnect the battery and connect one multimeter wire to the mass of the vehicle.
• Connect the second wire to the ground point either to the compound checked.
• If values \u200b\u200bappear on the screen, you need to verify them with factory. If they are close, then grounding is in order.

checking the integrity of the chain

Procedure:

• Turn off the voltage from the chain by turning off the terminal to the battery or pulling the fuse.
• We check the electrical panel for integrity by connecting its ends to the arrogant of the multimeter.
• Next, we attach one probe to the mass of the vehicle.
• If the monitor appears, there are no breaks in the chain.
• If the monitor remains static, it says about the break in electrocups.

Car wiring repair kit

So, for the repair of electrical wiring it will be necessary:

1. Tissue tape: waterproof, heat-resistant.
2. Ordinary tape.
3. PAP Mom connector.
4. Multimeter, tester.
   
5. Soldering iron.
6. Solder.
7. Rosin.
8. Lighter.
9. WD-40 oil.
   
10. Shrink tube (thermoembembry).
11. Control.
12. Wiring scheme.
13. Paper.
14. Scotch.
15. A pen.

How to use all this?

1. Tissue tape: waterproof, heat-resistant. It is used for damaged isolation on the wire. Very well glued. Reliably protects from heating and moisture. It has a greater thickness.

2. Conventional tape.It is used to connect the wiring into the plumes.

3. PAP-MAM connector.It is necessary to bargain the wire for three millimeters and enhance the connector with the help of pliers. On the connector there are two rows of the mustaches, at first one mustache of the first row press the wire for the winding. Then heal the second row of the mustache, press the bare wire and separate the second mustache from the first row.

4. Multimeter, tester. It is a universal device, which simultaneously combines a voltmeter, ammeter and an ohmmeter. The voltmeter is responsible for measuring the voltage in the onboard circuit, the ammeter measures the current strength, and the melting determines the resistance.

5. 6. 7. Soldering iron, solder, rosin.We need to solder the location of the wire break. Otherwise, the breakdown will be oxidized and take electricity worse.

10. Heatshirt tube (thermoembembry).Used to isolate the spike place. It must be pulled onto the wire and heat the lighter, as a result, the tube will be dried, thereby insulating the spike plot from dirt, air and moisture. Where it is difficult to pull the cambrick, use WD-40 (carefully, flammable).

11. The control.Take a single-mounted lamp by 12 volts. Connect two wires. One throw on the CU body, and at the end of the second, connect the needle. Now poke the needle in the wire, if the lamp lights up, then the current flows in the wire. The battery is currently connected at the moment. This way is convenient to search for a break in the wire or missing contact.

12. Wiring diagram.Need to know which wire where to connect.

13. 14. 15. Papers, Scotch, handle.We need to marry instruments and wires during working with electrical wiring.

How to connect wires in the car

There are several variations of wire connections in the car. The most common and least reliable is a twist of the wires. For this, the two ends of the wires are simply twisted with each other, and the bare wires are insulated with the help of a tape.

However, it is desirable to apply more reliable methods for compounds, for example, crimping. To do this, you will need a connecting sleeve of the required diameter and press clamps. Pressing is done in this way:

• Initially, insulation is removed from the wiring.
• Then the wires are twisted and placed inside the sleeve.
• Next, everything is crimped using press ticks.
• The connection is isolated.

Another option is welding - it is considered professional, since the welding machine will need for its implementation. This method is also considered reliable. If the welding machine is missing, you can resort to the soldering. However, it will take a soldering iron with consumables.

The soldering procedure is performed as follows:

• Remove the insulating layer from the conductor.
• Next, using the sandwich, clean the conductor's living room.
• Decide with the type of connection lived.
• Run the solder to the suggestion of the soldering iron and warm the twist so that the solder it dropped into it.
• When the soldering hardens, rinse this place with alcohol.
• Then the connection is insulated.