To date, the injection system is actively used on gasoline and diesel engine. It is worth noting that for each variation of the motor, a similar system will significantly differ. About this further in the article.

Injection system, purpose than a gasoline engine injection system differs from a diesel injection system

The main purpose of the injection system (another name is an injection system) - ensuring the timely supply of fuel in the working cylinders of the motor.

In gasoline engines, the injection process supports the formation of an air-fuel mixture, after which its ignition is carried out using the spark. In diesel engines, the fuel supply is performed under high pressure - one part of the combustible mixture is combined with compressed air and almost instantly self-propagated.

Gasoline injection system, fuel injection system for gasoline engines

Fuel injection system is an integral part of the TC fuel system. The main working body of any injection system is a nozzle. Depending on the method of formation of an air-fuel mixture, there are systems of direct injection, distributed injection and central injection. Systems of distributed and central injection - pre-injection systems, that is, injection in them is carried out in the intake manifold, not reaching the combustion chamber.

Injection systems of gasoline engines can have electronic or mechanical control. Electronic injection control is considered the most perfect, which provides significant fuel economy and reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere.

The fuel injection in the system is carried out impulse (discrete) or continuously. From the point of view of saving perspective, a fuel injection is considered to be used by all modern systems.

In the motor, the injection system is usually connected to the ignition system and creates a combined ignition and injection system (for example, Fenix, Motronic system). The motor control system provides coordinated system operation.

Injection systems of gasoline engines, types of fuel injection systems, advantages and disadvantages of each type of gasoline engines injection systems

In gasoline engines, such fuel supply systems are used - direct injection, combined injection, distributed injection (multipoint), central injection (monovosprysk).

Central injection. The fuel supply in this system is made by means of a fuel injector located in the intake manifold. And since the nozzle is only one, this system is called another monofry.

Today, the central injection system has lost their relevance, so they are not provided in the new models of the car, but in some old vehicles they can still be found.

The advantages of the monofry are reliable and simplicity. By cons of this system include high fuel consumption and low motor ecology. Distributed injection. In the multipoint injection system, a separate fuel supply is provided for each cylinder, which is equipped with an individual fuel inlet. TVs, with this, occurs only in the intake manifold.

To date, most gasoline engines are equipped with a system of distributed fuel supply. The advantages of such a system are the optimal fuel consumption, high environmental friendliness, optimal need for fuel consumed.

Direct injection. One of the most progressive and perfect injection systems. The principle of operation of this system is based on a straight (direct) supply of fuel to the combustion chamber.

The direct fuel supply system makes it possible to obtain a high-quality composition of fuel at all stages of the motor operation to improve the process of combustion of fuel assembly, increase the operating power of the motor and reduce the level of exhaust gases.

The disadvantages of this injection system are a rather complicated design and greater requirements for fuel quality.

Combined injection. Two systems are combined in the system of this type - distributed and immediate injection. As a rule, it is applied to reduce emissions of toxic components and spent gases, with which it is possible to achieve high motor ecology indicators.

Diesel engines injection systems, types of systems, advantages and disadvantages of each type of diesel fuel injection systems

The following injection systems are used on modern diesel engines - the Common Rail system, the system of pump-nozzle, a system with a distribution or row fuel pump of high pressure (TNVD).

The most popular and progressive are the pumps-nozzles and Common Rail. TNVD is the central component of any fuel system of diesel engine.
The supply of fuel mixture in diesel engines can be performed in the preliminary chamber or directly into the combustion chamber.

Currently, a preference is given to a direct injection system, which has an increased level of noise and less smooth operation of the motor in comparison with the supply to the preliminary chamber, however, it is ensured more important indicator - efficiency.

System pump-nozzle. This system is used to feed, as well as the injection of a combustible mixture under high pressure pump-nozzles. A key feature of this system - in one device, two functions are combined - injection and pressure creation.

The constructive disadvantage of this system - the pump is equipped with a constant drive from the motor camshaft (not disabled), which is capable of leading to rapid system wear. As a result, manufacturers increasingly prefer Common Rail systems.

Battery injection (Common Rail). More advanced combustible mixture design for a variety of diesel engines. In such a system, fuel is fed from the ramp to fuel injectors, which is also called a high-pressure battery, as a result of which the system formed another name - the battery injection.

The Common Rail system provides for the following stages of injection - preliminary, main and additional. This makes it possible to reduce vibrations and noise of the engine, make the procedure for self-ignition fuel more efficient, reduce harmful emissions.

conclusions

To manage injection systems on dieselms, the presence of electronic and mechanical devices is envisaged. Mechanical systems make it possible to control the working pressure, the moment and the volume of the fuel injection. Electronic systems provide more efficient control of diesel engines in general.