car clutch - one of the main structural components of the vehicle. Its main purpose - short-term disconnection of the engine from the transmission and smooth their connection with each other at a gear change. Car clutch protects the drivetrain components from overloading. This structural element is located between the engine and the transaxle.

Device clutch car clutch operating principle

Clutch elements:

1. PPC input shaft.
   
2. engine flywheel.
   
3. clutch fork.
   
4. Transaxle case.
   
5. Release lever.
6. PPC gear.
   
7. Releaser.
   
8. Pressure Plate.
   
9. Spring.
   
10. clutch cover.
    
11. clutch housing.

To understand the purpose of the clutch, the engine should be compared with the work of a term such as "traffic". If we imagine that the flywheel is directly connected to the drive axle motor vehicle, when the motor is started, the vehicle must immediately go. Accordingly, in order to stop the car, you need to drown out the engine. That's what you need to grip, allowing the opportune moment to obtain energy from the engine at the beginning of the movement or interrupting the process to stop driving.

Classical clutch consists of driven discs and pressure, as well as a drive, which causes them to nestle or disconnected from each other. This structure is fixed in a housing which is firmly attached to the flywheel of the crankshaft. Pressure plate quite massive and also firmly attached to the casing. It should be noted that the drive plate is much thinner and is splined main (primary) Transmission vehicle shaft. Slots are responsible for ensuring his mobility along the axis of the shaft, as well as for rigid coupling to the shaft. With regard to the pressure plate, it does not have the coupling shaft with the CPT.

In the standard operating position and push the driven wheels are pressed together with powerful springs and levers through the release bearing. Consequently, as a result of frictional forces between the discs, the input shaft is transmitted from the flywheel Transmission torque. If you take the pressure plate from the slave, the torque of the motor is interrupted and the cessation of the slave drive rotation of the shaft.

Disconnecting the drive is performed by the clutch fork, that his appearance resembles a children's swing. Fork itself actuated by means of levers and rods chain clutch pedal which is located in the cab.

Before launching a motor, the motorist presses the clutch pedal, acting on the plug by traction and forcing its opposite ends to move relative to the center in opposite sides. The end of the plug puts pressure on the release bearing, which, through levers, makes the springs that have pressure on the pressure disk. The latter is separated from the slave disk, which interrupts the transmission of the torque. As a result, when the clutch pedal was squeezed and the engine running, only the flywheel rotates. To start moving, it is necessary to smoothly release the clutch, which is why the plug will stop to provide its effect on the pressure bearing, which, in turn, will soften the pressure on the levers. Then the springs will begin to squeeze, as a result of which the slave and pressure disks will be added to the flywheel. Since the slave drive is firmly attached to the slots of the primary shaft of the gearbox, the torque from the motor will be transmitted to the transmission of the drive wheels and the vehicle will start moving.

It should be noted that there are two types of clutch drive - hydraulic and mechanical. The mechanical version is the easiest in the work of the car clutch. In this case, the motorist, pressing the pedal, has an effect on the adhesion fork by means of thrust and cables. The hydraulic option provides a piston with liquid. Most often it is used on heavy trucks to facilitate the driver's work.

What a grip on the car, classification of clutches for passenger and trucks

Depending on the design of the clutch, there are such types - electromagnetic, friction and hydraulic.

The frictional clutch variant performs the transmission of the torque using the friction force. The adhesion of the electromagnetic species is controlled by a magnetic field. In the hydraulic embodiment, the communication is provided with a fluid flow.

Friction type of clutch is the most common. Depending on the number of discs, such types of friction clutch are distinguished - multi-disc, one-piece and two-disc.

The clutch is wet and dry. In dry clutch, it is assumed to work discs in dry friction. Wet clutch involves the operation of the disks in the liquid.

As a rule, modern cars are equipped with a dry single-sized clutch. All components of the clutch are located in the crankcase, which is attached to the engine with the bolts.

Hydraulic clutch. Fluid coupling where torque transmission is performed by the hydrodynamic pressure of the fluid which circulates between the driving and driven components, called hydraulic clutch.

Fluid coupling does not apply to cars as an independent clutch as can not provide an absolute turn-off, which greatly complicates the gear shift. As a result, when applying a fluid coupling installed together with it the friction clutch, which is intended only for the shift. At the same time in the friction clutch mounted the softer and plastic pressure springs, making it easier to turn off the clutch.

The electromagnetic clutch. Electromagnetic clutch considered when compressing the driving and driven elements is performed by means of electromagnetic forces. The electromagnetic clutch is always in the open position.

Freight and passenger cars with a powerful engine equipped with dual-clutch transmission, which at a constant amount transmits significantly more torque, and provides much greater design resource. This is achieved through the use of two slave drives, among which is the spacer. As a result, four friction surfaces are obtained.

Malfunctions of coupling, signs of adhesion failure

1. The clutch is not fully activated ( "slips") as a result of lubrication and wear of the friction linings slave drive, failure of springs, poor amplitude of the pedal. To resolve this error, replace the clutch disc, remove the bully on disk, removable defective drive components.
   
2. The clutch is not completely switched off ( "leads") as a result of a fairly large free clutch travel, spring breakage, warping or slave drive inappropriately standing pressure plate. To resolve this clutch malfunction, remove the air from the hydraulic drive, adjust a pedal free wheeling, replace inefficient discs and springs.
   
3. The drive clutch is leaking brake fluid, which is possible from the master and working cylinders, and also in the connecting tubes. To solve the problem, to visually locate the leak and change to the new faulty nodes, and then bleed the hydraulic completely.
   

Tips pro, how to prevent adhesion failure

To prevent the clutch faults discussed above, it is enough to adhere to simple rules of operation. When the clutch is operating, it is necessary to periodically check the level of brake fluid in the tank. If the level is below the norm, be sure to restore it.

The reduced level of brake fluid or incorrect clutch adjustment is able to lead to the fact that the transmission on your auto will be hard to turn on or stop incorporated at all. When moving, the driver has to constantly squeeze and release the clutch pedal, which forces the surface of the slave disk with great power to rub about the pressure disk and flywheel, as a result of which, of course, with time, the side surfaces of the slave disk wear out. This is an ordinary process, which is provided for by the design of the car. Any machine requires attention to yourself. On average, with the proper operation of the clutch, the replacement of the driven disc is needed after 80,000 kilometers of driving.