In our time, the catalytic converter is equipped with more and more cars. On the one hand, the installation of the catalyst on the vehicle actually helps reduce harmful emissions by certain chemical reactions that break down harmful substances into harmless. However, on the other hand, the catalyst - thing rather capricious and its failure can significantly destroying nerves car owner. About this later in the article.

The catalyst is why it is put, the device and the appointment of

The catalyst is an important node of the exhaust system, which is designed to clean vehicle exhaust gas from harmful to human health and the atmosphere elements (carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon groups, nitrogen oxides). Numerous cell is applied a special coating that performs the key function of "clean" exhaust.

The chemical reaction of the exhaust gas in the interaction with platinoiridievym layer entails a heating of the catalyst. As a result, harmful elements that do not have time to burn, concern the heated surface and finally burned. When burning activated residual part of the oxygen that remains in the exhaust gases from the combustion chamber. Of the catalyst thus, leave harmless elements - N2 and CO2.

An important condition for providing catalyst efficiency is the attainment of high temperatures. That is why the device is mounted in the immediate vicinity near the power unit.

For the first time the catalysts were used in the seventies of the last century, despite the fact that the device developed twenty years earlier. For years, the use of catalytic converters and improved for today is a high-quality devices, which are made of the finest raw materials sources. The decision to implement this device was a decisive moment in the environment and has made it possible to reduce the negative impact on the environment.

The catalyst structure includes three main elements - a casing (housing part), a flow medium insulation. The main element is a catalytic converter-carrier block, which is the base product.

Structurally, the unit is configured with a ceramic refractory substrate. It includes plenty of different cells-cells that increase the overall contact area with the exhaust gases of the vehicle. In applied cell specific substance which performs the function of a catalyst.

The role of these substances operate popular chemical elements:

1. Rhodium - reduction catalyst, the purpose of which - NOx reduction and its conversion to the normal nitrogen.
2. Platinum and palladium - oxidation catalysts task - acceleration unburned hydrocarbon oxidation procedures, and their transformation into steam, and the CO (carbon monoxide) in a simple carbon dioxide.

Such a device is called a three-way. Block article carrier located in a metal housing with a layer of heat insulating binding material. In addition, in the casing of neutralizer is an oxygen sensor (lambda probe). The main condition of the catalyst optimal performance - achieving a temperature of 300 degrees Celsius. Qualitative heating allows to retain 90 percent of harmful elements. You can also expedite the achievement of the working temperature:

1. With the enrichment of the fuel mixture.
2. By setting the neutralizer immediately after the release of the collector.

Scored catalyst signs and symptoms

1. If the catalyst is completely clogged, the car will wind up at once to stall or not start at all, indicating that the absolute failure of the catalyst. To fix the problem, it is necessary to unscrew the first oxygen sensor, which is facing a catalyst. Next, you need to start the engine, if it be got - so faulty catalytic converter, which must be either replaced or knock. However, if reflash dislodging should computer or install the emulator instead of the second oxygen sensor, otherwise the "check" will burn continuously.

   

2. The car accelerates noticeably worse and gaining momentum. While pressing on the gas pedal there is a feeling that the car is someone holds on the rear bumper. It is obvious signs of catalyst slaughtered, but not completely, but only partially.
3. Increased fuel consumption, but this symptom must be considered only in conjunction with the "stupidity" of the vehicle. " E. If the vehicle is "tupit" and fuel consumption, while increased, it is possible that the culprit of this is hammered catalyst.
   
4. Lit lamp "Check Engin" on the instrument panel. In this case, the diagnosis scanner error will R0420 - ie low efficiency... However, this does not always indicate a catalyst malfunction may occur in the normal suction air exhaust system.

The catalyst is destroyed, the signs and symptoms

1. The first sign destroyed, melted or catalyst is clogged the pressure (degree) of exhaust gases exit from the rear muffler card. Here you can understand your catalyst destroyed or clogged as clogged with catalyst exhaust gases are barely out of the pipe, and when destroyed - exhaust color is bluish, and the smell - pungent.
   
2. The second, more common symptom - suddenly and no reasonably increased fuel consumption (taking into account high-quality fuel and a good motor). All this is explained quite simply - a faulty catalytic congery does not support the normal temperature of the exhaust gases (the optimal temperature of the euro-4 norm of the Euro-4 is 350-750 degrees) and the injection system using a lambda probe (oxygen sensor) automatically increases the fuel supply for the fuel Increases temperature, but gasoline enters the pipe, and the temperature does not increase.
   
3. Another, no less common symptom of the destroyed catalyst - the occurrence in the exhaust system of metallic sound when a cheaper fugazine or acceleration. This irritating ringing emanates from either a secondary catalyst, or from the collector (depending on their presence in your car). Promotes this ringing and ding - or a dilapidated catalyst, or a completely scored neutralizer unit that shifted from the landing site.

Catalyst 2110, 2114, Kalina, Ford Focus - Catalyst Fault Symptoms

Consider different models of cars that are equipped with this device in order to more accurately determine the symptoms of the scored catalyst. And let's start with the models of the domestic manufacturer - "Kalina", VAZ 2110, 2114.

So, besides the fact that the car is "tupits" on low revs, and acceleration occurs slowly, as a result of a malfunction of the catalyst under the car, a strange sound may appear, a small rubble poured into the catalytic neutralizer body. This sound clearly signals that the mechanical destruction of the bobbins happened, as a result of which it was rejected into small parts.

As for foreign cars, for example, Ford Focus, then the symptoms of the scored catalyst are absolutely identical to VAZ cars - unstable engine operation, power loss, noise inside the case.

The problem of ignition and nutrition systems - the causes of the exit of the catalyst failure

In general, to detect the melting or the catalyst clogings on the VAZ in some cases is quite difficult, because these symptoms may appear as a result of problems with other elements of the car - the ignition system, power system, sensors.

It should be said here that trouble with ignition and nutrition systems can also cause a catalyst breakage. Ignition skipping, improper mixing formation, poor-quality fuels are capable of leading to the fact that the fuel will be burned not completely, and the result of which there will be a significant amount of soot in the exhaust. As a result - rapid bobbin clogging with probable subsequent melting.

The catalyst is damaged, the threat of a car during operation

If the catalyst is only clogged with soot, it still has the opportunity to clean. However, if you do not respond to the problems that have arisen, at best, either the vehicle once does not start, or the engine will start, but immediately stalls. Much worse, if as a result of the soot there was a refugee bobbin, as it would not be possible to restore it. The most worst option is the mechanical destruction of the element. Cell particles are capable of significantly hamper the exhaust to the catalyst.

As a result, it is possible that part of the gases will return back to the cylinders, and even with the addition of ceramics. And foreign objects in the cylinders, even the smallest, are able to damage the cylinder-piston group, which will lead to the need for major repairs.

Tips Pros: high-quality fuel, timely diagnosis to extend the catalyst life

However, it should not always be "sinful" to the catalytic neutralizer - it can only be the consequence of the fact that one of the car systems works incorrectly either into the vehicle poured a poor-quality fuel with a high number of additives.

That is why even with the smallest drop in power, it is necessary to diagnose the performance of the ignition and nutrition systems as quickly as possible, as well as assess the status of all sensors, and only then check the catalyst.

Bobbins were melted, whether it is necessary to change the catalyst or put a plane sensor, why

As already mentioned above, when placing a bobbin, it will not be possible to restore it. In this case, return the performance of the motor will help or replacing the catalyst, or removing it and the installation of the plane sensor.