Car izpušni plinski katalizator, napačen katalizator, pluse in slabosti katalizatorja, kako spremeniti katalizator na planeeencitel

Kako rešiti težave z okoljskim plinom in vsaka država izda nekatere zakone, ki omejujejo dovoljeno stopnjo onesnaževanja, ki ga ustvari vsako vozilo. Za izpolnitev teh zahtev so proizvajalci avtomobilov bistveno nadgradili oblikovanje avtomobilskih motornih in gorivnih sistemov. Ena od pomembnih sprememb se je zgodila leta 1975 - se je pojavila nova naprava, imenovana katalitski nevtralizator (katalizator, pretvornik) ali samo katalizator. Njegovo delo temelji na preoblikovanju strupenih izpušnih plinov na neškodljivo obnovitev dušikovih oksidov, kot tudi preživetje kratkotrajnih ogljikovodikov in plina ogljikovega monoksida. O tem v članku.

Katalizator, naprava, kot deluje

Iz šolskega leta kemije vemo, da je katalizator snov, ki povzroča pospešitev kemijske reakcije, vendar katalizator sam ni vključen v to reakcijo. To pomeni, da katalizator neposredno sodeluje pri reakciji in vpliva na trajanje njegovega toka, vendar ni niti reakcijski produkt, ki ga katalizira niti reagent. Encimi v človeškem telesu so tudi naravni katalizator, ki je odgovoren za maso potrebnih biokemičnih reakcij.

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Na splošno je katalitični pretvornik v svojem delu sestavljen iz dveh različnih vrst katalizatorjev - oksidacijski katalizator in katalizator pretvorbe. Obe različici sta sestavljeni iz keramične konstrukcije, ki je prekrita s kovinskim katalizatorjem, praviloma, paladij, platino in / ali rodij. Ideja temelji na oblikovanju strukture, ki zagotavlja pretok izpušnih plinov največja površina nevtralizatorja in zmanjšuje zahtevano količino katalizatorja, saj je strošek materiala za to precejšen.

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Nekateri sodobni pretvorniki so celo začeli uporabljati zlato, mešano s standardnimi katalizatorji. Zlato, mimogrede, celo cenejši v primerjavi z drugimi naštetimi materiali, vendar je sposoben povečati oksidacijo.

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Večina sodobnih tujih avtomobilov je opremljenih s trikomponentnimi katalizatorji. To kaže, da omogočajo zmanjšanje količine emisij treh najbolj škodljivih snovi - ogljikovega monoksida (CO), ogljikovodikov (NA) in dušikovih oksidov (NOx).

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Katalizator izterjave je prva faza katalitičnega pretvornika. Uporablja rodij in platino, ki pomaga zmanjšati emisije dušikovih oksidov (NOx).

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Druga faza katalitičnega nevtralizatorja je oksidacijski katalizator. Zmanjšuje število nezgorelih ogljikovih monoksida in ogljikovodikov, ko se oksidirajo v nevtralizatorju zaradi paladija in platine.

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Obstajata dve glavni različici struktur, ki se uporabljajo v katalizatorjih - keramika in celic. Večina avtomobilov danes uporablja celično strukturo.

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Kar zadeva tretjo fazo katalizatorja dela, temelji na kontrolnem sistemu, ki spremlja pretok izpušnih plinov in uporablja te podatke za nadzor sistema za vbrizgavanje goriva v motorju.

Motnje in vzroki katalizatorja

  1. Mehanske poškodbe (na udarcu), zaradi česar je prišlo do uničenja keramičnega jedra.
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  2. Uporaba slabega kakovostnega goriva ali odstopanja v mešanici goriva in zraka. Ko se gorivo uporablja z precenjenim vsebnostjo železa, se delci kovine prenehajo do nevtralizacijske reakcije.
  3. Povečana vsebnost ogljikovodikov v izpušnih plinih (neregulirani motor) in pretirano izčrpana zmes vodi do znatnega zmanjšanja življenjske dobe katalizatorja. Pravzaprav ga uničijo.
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  4. Penetracija maziva na graduacijsko pot vključuje peko tega maziva na delovni površini.
  5. Ker so strokovnjaki Sost opazili, ko uporabljamo gorivo z visoko vsebnostjo dodatkov, ki so sposobni povečati temperaturo izpušnih plinov, je možno taliti katalizatorske celice in njegovo neuspeh.
  6. Če se avto potegne na vleko ali potiskanje avtomobila, da začne motor ali pritisniti, obstaja tveganje nastanka bencina. V tem primeru se pojavi neželena kemična reakcija, ki lahko povzroči eksplozijo.
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  7. Nič manj negativno vpliva na stik s hladno vodo. V procesu premagovanja vodne pregrade lahko tekočina pride na Cellius, ogrevana na 900 stopinj.

Znaki okvare

  1. Vozilo je "tupit", ki plavajo hitrost v prostem teku, avto preneha "potegniti", dinamične lastnosti poslabšajo, nevtralizator se lahko vroče (katalitski nevtralizator je bil dosežen, to je, izpušni plini se zmanjšajo).
  2. Značilen rajenje in zvonjenje (katalizacijske celice se zmeljejo).
Posledice katalizatorskih delcev
Posledice katalizatorskih delcev

Katalizator ni uspel, ga je mogoče popraviti

Če katalizator ne uspe, boste imeli dve rešitvi problema:

  1. Pridobitev in vgradnja novega vozlišča s katalizatorjem. Čeprav je precej draga, vendar v prihodnosti ne boste imeli dodatnih težav, kontaminacija ozračja pa bo na minimalni ravni.
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  2. Druga možnost je, da iztekanje starega elementa, ki vključuje takšne posledice - povečanje porabe goriva kot posledica spreminjanja parametrov diplomirane poti, bo utripa ECU, saj je zaradi odstranitve katalizatorja Senzorji kisika, bo sistem okvare ves čas (Check bo nenehno zažgal).

Katalizator ni predmet popravila. Lahko ga nadomesti le z univerzalni ali "domači". Prav tako je mogoče nadomestiti nevtralizatorja na letalni odvodnik.

Novi katalizator Zakaj je tako drag

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Dragmetali se uporabljajo za proizvodnjo katalitsko nevtralizatorja - Platinum, rodij, paladij. Zato je strošek elementa zelo visok. Omeniti je treba, da višja je kategorija razprševanja, bolj se uporabljajo plemenite kovine, to je višja kot raven norm, ki ustreza škropljenju (evro-2,3,4), večji znesek Za polno oksidacijo je potrebna plemenite kovine. Poceni katalizatorji se ne ujemajo z zahtevanimi standardi, zaradi katere pri namestitvi tega elementa, bo "ček" nenehno gorijo.

Univerzalni katalizator iz ljudskih obrtnikov

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Originalni katalizatorji so precej dragi, ki prisili lastnike avtomobilov, da iščejo druge načine za reševanje problema. Nekateri so nameščeni na svojem avtomobilu ravninski senzor in nekateri raje univerzalni katalizator.

Načeloma so univerzalni katalizatorji enake naprave, samo v nizki kategoriji cene. Tako kot prvotni katalitski pretvorniki so keramični in kovinski. Slednje se ob istem času štejejo za trpežne. Njihovo delo se pojavi natančno za takšno načelo, kot tudi originalne katalizatorje, tako da pri uporabi ni potrebno, da odvlecite računalnik na vozilu avtomobila.

Pomembna pomanjkljivost univerzalnih katalizatorjev je njihovo kratko življenjsko dobo. Tudi "trpežni" kovinski agregati redko delajo več kot dve leti. Čeprav je prakticiranje kaže, je celo to obdobje preveliko. Praviloma v prehodu drugega tehničnega pregleda, stopnja destruktivnih snovi v izpušnih plinih presega norma, ki ne dopušča nadzora nad tehničnim stanjem vozila.

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To se zgodi, da nevtralizator ne spopada z zahtevano nalogo zaradi dejstva, da ne more doseči želene temperature. Zato, ko odstranite raven ravni CO, poskusite prisiljeni vzeti. Katalizator se lahko pripelje v delovni pogoj s povečanjem rotorja motorja, ki jih držite na velikem nivoju (5500-6000 vrtljajev na minuto) za nekaj minut. Najpogosteje po takšni izvedbi, katalizator "zbudi", s katerim je mogoče pridobiti zahtevano raven izpušnih plinov.

Flamesteller namesto katalizatorja

  1. Če želite narediti globatorno, boste potrebovali dve železni cevi, od katerih je eden v premeru sovpadal z izpušno cevjo vozila, druga pa ima velik premer, ki bo letalosko ohišje. Poleg tega rezerviramo preproste kuhinjske kopenske krpe.

    S pomočjo običajnih kuhinjskih palic zapolni prostor med cevmi
    S pomočjo običajnih kuhinjskih palic zapolni prostor med cevmi
  2. Nadalje po vsej območju v notranjem cevi, ki vrtamo luknje s premerom približno treh milimetrov. Nato ga je treba prilepiti znotraj ohišja (i.e., druga cev velikega premera). Zdaj piva eno od strank.

    Tesno taper kovinske krpe
    Tesno taper kovinske krpe
  3. Na sredini notranje cevi z montažo podložka, v kateri bi morala biti luknja, enakovredna premeru manjše (notranje) cevi.

    Pripravljena globatorna
    Pripravljena globatorna
  4. Po tem, smo potisnili kovinske krpe med dvema cevma (zdi se, kot da jih postavimo na cevni manjši premer) in tesno spredenja. Izpolnite ves prostor. Trajalo bo približno 25 krpic. Potem ste odrezali prosti rob cevi z velikim premerom, ga upognite in ne marate.

Prednosti in slabosti Flame zunanjosti

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Prednosti Ravninskega senzorja:

  1. Povečanje motorja.
  2. Garancija na letalu odvodnice (pri nakupu že pripravljenega lepila, in ni osebno).
  3. Visoka zanesljivost.
  4. Velika življenjska doba.
  5. Poceni.
Flamesejec.
Flamesejec.

Slabosti Flamesteller:

  1. Potreba po dodatnih aktivnostih (nastavitev »prevare«, vdelana programska oprema krmilne enote).
  2. Izguba garancije na vozilu (za nove avtomobile).
  3. V izpušnih plinih bodo povečale kazalnike škodljivih snovi.

Navijanje lambda sonde, kako prevarati lambda sonde pri zamenjavi katalizatorja za planeeencitel

Mehansko sušenje senzorja kisika
Mehansko sušenje senzorja kisika

Pri odstranjevanju katalizatorja in namestitve planeeencitel bo lambda sonda, ki se nahaja v bližini katalitsko nevtralizatorja, izda napako o svoji okvari. V tem primeru odklop senzorja kisika iz ožičenja vozila ne bo mogel rešiti problema. Zato bi morali ali reprogramirati senzor kisika pod standardom Euro-2, ali namestiti elektronski ali mehanski spenjač senzorja kisika (krmilnik, emulator). Norec omejuje pretok izpušnih plinov v sondo Lambda in popravi svoje delo, glede na spremenjene pogoje izpušnega sistema. Vendar pa učinkovitost njegove uporabe ne deluje sto odstotkov, saj krmilnik ne more zamenjati vse avtomobile funkcije tipala kisika.

Prejmite nasvet: Če želite namestiti flamezator, potrebujete kvalificirano glavno in sistemsko nastavitev

Nedvomno lahko ravninski senzor naredite in namesti neodvisno, vendar tudi če je ta dogodek uspešen, boste vsi zavedeli katalitski nevtralizator, pa tudi nastavitev celotnega sistema. Zato je bolje zaupati strokovnjakom, da bi se izognili težavam s sistemom izpušnih plinov v prihodnosti.

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