Motor oil: mineral oil, synthetic oil, semi-synthetic oil, hydrocracking oil - overview, advantages and disadvantages. Engine oil, which properties of oils are important for the engine, how to choose the right engine oil, useful tips

It is simply impossible to imagine the work of a modern automotive engine without engine oil. This product is in fact very responsible functions.

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Motor oil, which properties of oils are important for the engine

Initially, with its help, the wear of wear and excessive heat from the friction zone in Carter was carried out. Initially, engine oil was used to reduce the friction of the crankshaft neck, in later models, oil began to use to improve the operation of the gas distribution mechanism and cylinders.

Modern mechanical engineering has further expanded the field of oil use, they are used as a hydraulic fluid in all mechanisms.

The engine structure itself assumes the presence of a large number of parts, which in the process of movement are subjected to friction loads.

Naturally, it is possible to ensure the normal operation of the engine only if there will be a layer of high-quality lubricant at the friction points.

Motor oil for what purpose it is used

Considering the various modes, sometimes quite heavy, in which engines can be operated, engine oils must comply with certain requirements:

The coating on rubbing surfaces, they are created, should be very thin, but allowing to exclude direct contact of the surfaces of various parts, this factor largely contributes to the extension of the engine life.
They must completely close the gaps between the piston and the cylinder, preventing the passage of gases from the internal combustion chamber.
Motor oils must wash the surface of all parts and remove products from high-temperature sediments from them, such as South, Nagar, etc.
With the help of motor oils, the engine parts should be protected from corrosion.
Due to the presence of oils, the substances obtained in the process of work from wear, oxidation and contamination are preserved in suspension (emulsion) without falling into the sediment. With the help of the same oils, they are taken out of the contamination zone of rubbing parts.
Under the influence of engine oil, neutralization of organic acids formed during the combustion process of fuel occurs.
Modern oils must be resistant to the effects of a wide range.

Since there are quite stringent requirements for engine oils today, it is customary to add additives to enhance the quality of basic products, the content of which in oils can fluctuate in the range of 10-25%.

With the help of additives, you can not only strengthen some beneficial properties of the product, but also to eliminate its negative sides.

With the help of additives, for example, you can adjust the desired viscosity or to force it to actively clean the parts of the motor, i.e. - give him unique properties.

The viscosity of the engine oil, what should it be

Analyzing the requirements are easy to draw conclusions: the main task of the oils is to eliminate the possibility of dry friction between the details and ensuring the necessary degree of sealing of working cylinders and reduce the friction force, which is subject to their surface.

Car manufacturers necessarily indicate the ideal parameters of engine oil calculated by them for a particular engine. The oil with optimal characteristics should provide a sufficiently high efficiency of the motor and the minimum load on its parts, ultimately put the goal of reducing the velocity of parts with the intended loads.

The most important parameter of the engine oil is viscosity indicator. By viscosity implies the ability of oils to be sufficiently fluid and at the same time curing the surface of the internal parts, without reacting to changes in the temperature regimen.

There is a special classification of viscosity engine oils developed by Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE). It indicates the viscosity indicators of a specifically taken product at certain temperature indicators.

The classification allows you to determine the boundaries of temperatures in which the motor operation can be considered safe, of course if the engine manufacturers allow the use of oils with such parameters in this type of engines.

The temperature at which can be used by oil of this viscosity, the encoding of the low-temperature and high-temperature viscosity is indicated on the packaging label. But these parameters are averaged, the real picture will depend on the design of the motor itself, and what exactly is suitable for this car - it is best known to developers and manufacturers. Choosing oil Consider the manufacturer's advice.

High high-temperature viscosity is recommended for sports cars, it will not give the expected result when using it in the most ordinary civilian car. It will not be better from such an oil, moreover, ultimately the power of the motor will be lost.

The use of engine oil should be used with viscosity, which is provided for in the instructions from the manufacturer.

viscosity lowered

What is dangerous for the motor reduced oil viscosity? The problem lies in the fact that modern oils with a reduced high-temperature viscosity often relate to energy saving, here we mean viscosity indicators at high temperature and shear rate.

The viscosity index of such oils by SAE coincides with what ordinary oils have. The difference between these oils with ordinary - in the quality classes and tolerances of the manufacturers of the car.

The use of such oils is justified in the motors of a special design. For ordinary engines, they may be dangerous.

Work under conditions of high temperature conditions and on high speeds can cause a critical fastening of the film, the result is the loss of lubrication efficiency and an increase in the oil consumption on the avgar. In addition, a motor jam can occur.

About synthetic and mineral oils - more, watch the video:

motor oil viscosity

Increased viscosity can give two options. If the car will be calmly moving in the smooth terrain, with normal revolutions and loads, then this minute nothing bad happens.

It can be assumed that the operating temperature of the motor will exceed normal for these conditions, but will be within the limits permissible. Working at elevated motor will be lost with a larger speed.

The complexity will occur with increasing revolutions during overclocking (protrack or overtaking): an increase in the shear rate will be noted, the engine will be observed to high temperatures in inconsistent viscosity. The temperature of the iodine oil can exceed the permissible temperature rate.

It can be concluded that the use of oils more viscous than the manufacturer recommended by the manufacturer will lead to its permanent operation at temperatures exceeding the norm as a result:

accelerated wear of motor parts,
reducing the oil resource, the process of its oxidation will occur faster, i.e. It will have to change it much more often.

Writing viscosity will not give quick negative results, they will manifest after you drive 20 or 30 thousand km, and perhaps - all 100.

Real evidence that the cause of accelerated wear is non-compliant oil will not be. Some unscrupulous service workers do not particularly bother about whether the viscosity oil corresponds to the required. Responsibility for the fact that after the expiration of the warranty period of operation, the motor can come to the unfounded state will not bear.

Mineral oil - advantages and disadvantages

For the manufacture of mineral oils, raw oil is used. In the process of treatment of oil fractions, nitrogen and sulfur impurities are removed, they are present in natural raw materials and adversely affect the quality of the machine.

If you explore the molecular composition, it is a mixture of similar molecules and some impurities, to get rid of them completely without cleaning.

Concerning disadvantages it should be noted:

its consistency is too thick for use in modern motors.
inhomogeneous molecular structure reduces dilution and crystallization resistance
in "mineral milk" use natural additives, inclined to burn out under the influence of high temperatures,
Mineralo has to replace more often than synthetic
during the operation of the motor, mineral oils form a greater amount of deposits than synthetic

Among the advantages of mineral oil can be noted:

moderate cleaning characteristics, in the process of engine operation, do not cause an inject of a car from the drive nodes, which eliminates the clogging of the channels of the motor and lubrication systems
mineral oils are less aggressive in relation to the rubber surfaces of the drive nodes, do not cause their destruction
the density of mineral oils allows you to fill an increase in the gaps in the nodes of engines having a large mileage, which helps to improve the work of worn-out aggregates.

Synthetic oil - advantages and disadvantages

For the manufacture of synthetic machines, ethylene derived from raw oil or natural gas is used during their organic synthesis. Since in modern production such a process is manageable, then manufacturers have the opportunity to receive a product with the required characteristics.

The molecular composition of synthetic oils is homogeneous, which allows their use in in a wider range of operating temperatures.

Synthetic oils have:

excellent detergent
polymerization resistance
low flying rate
energy saving properties

Synthetic oils have a property for a long time to maintain its structure, they form a smaller amount of deposits, because Less burn in engines.

The main disadvantage of synthetic oils today is their high cost, however, it is justified by the complexity of manufacturing technology.

Semi-synthetic oil - advantages and disadvantages

The manufacture of this type of oil is based on the processing of high-quality mineral oils, synthetic components are added during the manufacture of it.

The attractiveness of this product in a relatively low cost and sufficiently high quality characteristics.

Hydrocrack engine oil - advantages and disadvantages

Hydrocracking is called special cleaning technology, which allows you to improve the characteristics of mineral oil to the level of synthetic oils.

The hydrocracking process is:

removal from raw nitrogen and sulfur compounds
splitting of hydrocarbon molecules into small
saturated hydrocarbons hydrogen

It turns out that oil made from oil (as well as mineral) ultimately radically changes its molecular structure.

Attractive moments of such a product are:

qualitative characteristics, much superior characteristics of mineral oil,
relatively cheap manufacturing technology.

Different manufacturers of oils are used by hydrocracking of different efficacy, but with full excerpt of technology and a reasonable approach to the organization of production, some of them receive a product that is really not inferior to synthetic. At the same time, production costs are significantly increasing.

Therefore, in most cases, hydrocracking oil is produced in such a form, which is no longer mineral oil, but does not slightly reach the synthetic product.

The basis of hydrocracking oils is almost 100% synthetic NA component, the presence of an inscription NA synthetics will accurately determine the hydrocracking product when buying.

If this inscription is absent, then recognize the type of oil will have to characterize viscosity and cost.

The advantages of the hydrocracking product include:

high viscous qualities
resistance to the formation of deposits
low aggressiveness to rubber
resistance to oxidation
highly reduce friction ability
content of high quality additives
acceptable price

A negative point is the need for a frequent replacement of a hydrocracking product due to rapid aging and loss of efficiency. It evaporates much faster than synthetic, and its use in extreme conditions is undesirable.

Tips Profi, selection criteria

Choosing the engine oil should be remembered that the duration of the motor service depends on the quality of this product.

Experts recommend:

It is exactly the oil that is specified in the service book, its use is justified by experts - the creators of the car, in case of extreme need, a replacement can be replaced by the product of the same class, which is recommended in the instructions.
It is better to use non-universal oils, but the corresponding type of engines (gasoline or diesel).
Selecting the type of oil (mineral, synthetic or semi-synthetic) should be guided by the manufacturer's instruction.
Low viscosity oil is used for high-breasted motors, with high - for motors working with large loads. As the engine is wearing, it is desirable to use greater viscosity oils.
If we talk about the oils of winter, summer and all-seasones, then again, when choosing, you should guide the instructions of car manufacturers, the design features of some of them do not allow using a universal product.
When using all-season oils, it will be necessary to change them in accordance with the schedule, because Additives that they contain prone to destruction.
In the conditions of the North, the optimal option will be the use of synthetic all-season energy-saving oils. They, unfortunately, are quite expensive, but they will serve longer and will allow to receive savings on fuel consumption.
You should not connect different brands of oils - the resulting mixture can become jelly-like and output the motor.
For the operation of oil, many factors affect the oil, if we take on average, then in the gasoline engine, high-quality mineral water will be changed after 10 thousand km, "semi-synthetic" - after 15, "synthetics" - after 20 thousand km. In diesel engines, the replacement is performed more often.
To learn that the oil is time to change in its color - a large amount of suspended oxidation particles will cause the product darkening.
When using mineral oils, rinse the engine with each oil replacement.
If, after using mineral oils, the owner of the car decided to replace it with synthetic, then the engine washing must be made.
With constant use of synthetic or semi-synthetic, the engine washing can be made after several oil replacement cycles.
When moving to another brand of oil to make washing necessarily, and the oil that is planned to pour.
Experienced drivers are recommended for each pouring oil to change the filter.

Interesting information - the opinion of experts on the choice of engine oil:

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