vbrizgavanje goriva sistemi Auto, namen, vrste naprav za vbrizgavanje goriva za bencinske in dizelske motorje

Do sedaj, je sistem vbrizgavanja aktivno uporablja na bencin in dizel motorjem. Treba je omeniti, da je za vsako spremembo motorja, podoben sistem bistveno se bo razlikovala. O tem v članku.

Injekcijski sistem, namen kot le bencinski vbrizgavanjem sistema razlikuje od sistema za vbrizgavanje dizelskega

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Glavni namen sistema za vbrizgavanje (drugo ime je sistem za vbrizgavanje) - zagotoviti pravočasno dobavo goriva v delovnih valjev motorja.

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V bencinske motorje, postopek vbrizgavanja podpira nastanek zmesi zraka in goriva, nakar se njegova kontakta izvedena z iskro. Pri dizelskih motorjih, je dovod goriva izvedemo pod visokim tlakom - en del gorljive mešanice kombiniramo s stisnjenim zrakom in skoraj v trenutku samo-razmnoženi.

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Sistem vbrizgavanja bencina, vbrizg goriva Sistem za bencinske motorje

dAVL-KOMPRES.

vbrizgavanje goriva sistem je sestavni del sistema TC goriva. Glavno delovno telo po kateremkoli sistema vbrizgavanja je šoba. Odvisno od načina tvorbe zmesi zraka in goriva, kot so sistemi neposrednim vbrizgavanjem, porazdeljenih injiciranje in osrednji injekcijo. Sistemi distribuirane in centralnega injiciranje - vbrizgavanja, ki je injekcija v njih izvaja v sesalni cevi, ne doseže zgorevalno komoro.

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Injection sistemi bencinski motorji imajo lahko elektronsko ali mehansko kontrolo. Elektronski nadzor injekcija velja najpopolnejša, ki omogoča bistveno manjšo porabo goriva in zmanjšanje škodljivih emisij v ozračje.

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Za vbrizgavanje goriva v sistemu poteka impulz (diskretna) ali kontinuirno. Z vidika varčevanja perspektive, se šteje za vbrizg goriva, ki se z vsemi sodobnimi sistemi uporabljajo.

V motorja, se sistem vbrizgavanja običajno povezan s sistemom za vžig in ustvari kombinirana vžig in sistemom za vbrizgavanje (npr Fenix, Motronic sistem). Sistem za nadzor motorja omogoča usklajeno delovanje sistema.

Injection sistemi bencinskih motorjev, vrst sistemov za vbrizg goriva, prednosti in slabosti posamezne vrste bencinskih motorjev sistemov za vbrizgavanje

V bencinske motorje se uporabljajo sistemi za dovod kot goriva - neposredno vbrizgavanje, kombinirano injekcijo, razdeli injekcija (večtočkovno), centralno injekcija (monovosprysk).

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Srednja injekcijo. dovod goriva v tem sistemu je izdelan s pomočjo injektorja goriva, ki se nahaja v sesalnem kolektorju. In ker je šoba je samo eden, se ta sistem imenuje drugega monofry.

Danes je centralni sistem za vbrizgavanje izgubila svoj pomen, tako da niso na voljo v novih modelov avtomobila, vendar je v nekaterih starih vozil, lahko še vedno mogoče najti.

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Prednosti monofry so zanesljivi in \u200b\u200bpreprostost. Z slabosti tega sistema, ki vključuje veliko porabo goriva in nizko motorja ekologijo. Distributed injekcijo. V večtočkovni sistem za vbrizgavanje, ki je ločen dovod goriva predvidena vsak valj, ki je opremljen z vstopom posameznega goriva. TV, s tem se pojavlja samo v sesalnem kolektorju.

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Do danes je večina bencinski motorji opremljeni s sistemom oskrbe distribuirane goriva. Prednosti takšnega sistema so poraba optimalna goriva, visoka prijaznost do okolja, porabi optimalno potreba po gorivu.

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Neposredno vbrizgavanje. Eden od najbolj naprednih in popolnih sistemov za vbrizg. Princip delovanja tega sistema temelji na ravne (direktno) oskrbo z gorivom v zgorevalni komori.

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Neposredna sistem za dovajanje goriva omogoča, da dobimo sestavek kakovostno goriva v vseh fazah operacije motorja izboljšati proces zgorevanja goriva sklop, povečati obratovalno moč motorja in zmanjša stopnjo izpušnih plinov.

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Slabosti tega sistema vbrizgavanja so precej zapletene konstrukcije in večje zahteve glede kakovosti goriva.

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Kombinirano injekcijo. Oba sistema sta združena v sistemu te vrste - porazdeljeno in neposredni vbrizg. Praviloma se uporablja za zmanjšanje emisij strupenih sestavin in izrabljenih plinov, s katerimi je mogoče doseči visoke kazalnike motornih ekologija.

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Dizelski motorji vbrizgavanje sistemi, vrste sistemov, prednosti in slabosti posamezne vrste sistemov za vbrizgavanje dizelskega goriva

Naslednji vbrizgalni sistemi se uporabljajo na modernih dizelskih motorjih - sistem Common Rail, sistem črpalka-šoba, sistem s črpalko za gorivo distribucijo ali vrstice z visokim tlakom (TNVD).

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Najbolj priljubljena in postopno so črpalke-šobe in Common Rail. TNVD je osrednja sestavina vsakega sistema za gorivo dizelskih motorjev.
Dobava zmesi gorivo v dizelskih motorjih se lahko izvede iz predhodne komore ali neposredno v zgorevalni prostor.

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Trenutno je prednost sistema neposrednega vbrizgavanja, ki ima povečano stopnjo hrupa in manj nemoteno delovanje motorja v primerjavi z oskrbo na predhodno komoro, pa je zagotovljena bolj pomemben kazalec - učinkovitost.

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Sistem črpalka-šoba. Ta sistem se uporablja za krmo, kot tudi injiciranju gorljive mešanice pod visokotlačno črpalko šobami. Glavna značilnost tega sistema - v eni napravi, sta dve funkciji kombinirani - injekcijo in ustvarjanje tlaka.

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Konstruktivno Pomanjkljivost tega sistema - je črpalka opremljena s konstantno vožnjo z motornim odmične gredi (ne invalide), ki lahko vodi do hitre obrabe sistema. Kot rezultat, proizvajalci vedno raje common rail sisteme.

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Injiciranje baterije (skupna tirnica). Napredno zasnova gorljivih mešanic za različne dizelske motorje. V takem sistemu se gorivo hrani iz rampe do injektorjev goriva, ki se imenuje tudi visokotlačna baterija, zaradi katere je sistem oblikoval drugo ime - vbrizgavanje baterije.

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Sistem Common Rail zagotavlja v naslednjih fazah injiciranje - predhodnih, glavnih in dodatnih. Zaradi tega je mogoče zmanjšati vibracije in hrup motorja, da bi postopek za učinkovitejši postopek samozavestnega vžiga, zmanjšanje škodljivih emisij.

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sklepi

Za upravljanje sistemov injiciranja na dizelm je predvidena prisotnost elektronskih in mehanskih naprav. Mehanski sistemi omogočajo nadzor delovnega tlaka, trenutka in prostornine vbrizgavanja goriva. Elektronski sistemi zagotavljajo učinkovitejši nadzor dizelskih motorjev na splošno.

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