Naprava in načelo delovanja sklopke, kako se sklopka deluje, disk sklopke, znaki okvare

Sklopka avtomobila je ena od najbolj osnovnih strukturnih sestavnih delov vozila. Njen glavni namen je kratkoročno izklop motorja z menjalnikom in njihovo nemoteno povezavo s seboj, ko preklapljanje menjalniki. Automotive sklopka varuje tudi sestavine prenosov iz preobremenitvijo. Ta strukturni element se nahaja med motorjem in PPC.

Sklopka naprava, načelo avto sklopko

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Sklopka elementi:

  1. Primarni PPP valom.
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  2. Motor vztrajnik.
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  3. Sklopka zaustavitev vtič.
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  4. Carter Checkpoint.
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  5. Pomikanje vzvoda.
  6. Gear menjalnik.
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  7. Spustite ležaj.
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  8. Pritisk na disku.
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  9. Springs.
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  10. Sklopka ohišje.
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  11. Carter sklopke.

Da bi razumeli namen sklopke, morate primerjati delovanje motorja s tako konceptom kot "promet". Če si predstavljate, da je vztrajnik motorja neposredno povezan z vodilnim mostom voznika, potem ko se motor zažene, mora avto takoj iti. V skladu s tem, da ustavite avto, morate utopiti ven motor. Za to je, da je potrebno sklopko, ki vam omogoča, da dobite energijo iz motorja na začetku gibanja ali prekinite ta proces, da prenehate voziti.

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Klasična sklopka je sestavljena iz podrejenih in tlačnih diskov, kot tudi pogon, ki omogoča jim pritiskom ali izklopite s seboj. Ta zasnova je zapisana v ohišju, ki je trdno pritrjena na vztrajnik ročične gredi. Namenski disk je precej masiven in tudi trdno pritrjen na ohišje. Omeniti je treba, da je podrejeni disk veliko tanjši in se nahaja na reže glavne (primarne) gredi Cat Car. Reže so odgovorne za zagotavljanje mobilnosti vzdolž osi gredi, kot tudi za togo priklop z gredjo. Kot je za tlačno disk, nima tako kljuko z menjalnikom.

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V standardnem delovnem položaju se tlak in pogonski diski stisnejo med seboj z uporabo močnih vzmeti skozi ročice in glazure. Zato se kot posledica trenja sile med temi diski, se navor prenaša na primarno gred kontrolne točke iz vztrajnika. Če ste vzeli tlačno disk iz sužnja, se navor prekine iz motorja in prenehanje vrtenja pomožnega diska z gredjo.

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Odklopni diski so izdelani z vtičem sklopke, ki spominja na otroške gugalnice s svojo lastno vrsto. Sama vilica se aktivira z verigo vzvodov in pedala sklopke, ki se nahaja v kokpitu.

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Pred začetkom motor, motorist pritisne pedal sklopke, ki delujejo na stožec, ki ga oprijem in silijo svoje nasprotna konca premakniti glede centra v nasprotnih straneh. Konec vtiča je pritiska na sproščanje, ki, skozi ročice, naredi vzmeti, ki imajo pritisk na tlačni disk. Slednje je ločeno od podrejenega diska, ki prekine prenos navora. Posledica tega je, ko je bil pedal sklopke stisnjen in motor teče, samo vztrajnik se vrti. Če se želite začeti premikati, je potrebno gladko sprostiti sklopko, zato bo vtič ustavila, da bo njen učinek na tlačni ležaj, ki bo v zameno, da zmehča tlak na ročice. Potem se bodo vzmeti začele stisniti, zaradi česar bodo podrejeni in tlačni diski dodani v vztrajnik. Ker je pomožni pogon trdno pritrjen na reže primarnega gredi menjalnika, se navor iz motorja prenaša na prenos pogonskih koles in vozilo se bo začelo premikati.

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Opozoriti je treba, da obstajata dve vrsti pogona sklopke - hidravlične in mehanske. Mehanska različica je najlažja pri delu avtomobilske sklopke. V tem primeru motorist, pritiskom na stopalko, ki vpliva na oprijema vilic s pomočjo vrtenja in kablov. Hidravlična možnost zagotavlja bat s tekočino. Najpogosteje se uporablja na težkih tovornjakih, da se olajša vozniško delo.

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Kakšen oprijem na avtu, klasifikacija sklopk za potnike in tovornjake

Odvisno od zasnove sklopke so takšne vrste - elektromagnetno, trenje in hidravlično.

Varianta iz frinjalne sklopke izvede prenos navora z uporabo trenja. Adhezija elektromagnetnih vrst je nadzorovana z magnetnim poljem. V hidravlični izvedbi je komunikacija opremljena s pretokom tekočine.

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Vrsta trenja sklopke je najpogostejša. Odvisno od števila diskov se razlikujejo take vrste torne sklopke - Multi-disc, en kos in dvokod.

dAVL-KOMPRES.

Sklopka je mokra in suha. V suhi sklopki se domneva, da dela diske v suhem trenja. Mokro sklopke vključuje delovanje diskov v tekočini.

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Praviloma so sodobni avtomobili opremljeni s suho eno velikostjo sklopke. Vse komponente sklopke se nahajajo v bloku motorja, ki je pritrjena na motor z vijaki.

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Hidravlični sklopka. Hydromefta, kjer je prenos vrtilnega trenutka izvede hidrodinamični tlak tekočine, ki kroži med prednjo in podrejenih komponent, se imenuje hidravlična sklopka.

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Hydromefta ne velja za vozila, kot samostojna sklopko, saj ni sposoben zagotoviti popolno zaustavitev, kar bistveno otežuje premik prestave. Zato pri uporabi hydrumufts, je torna sklopka nameščen z njo, ki je namenjen le za preklapljanje orodje. Hkrati so mehkejši in plastični tlačne vzmeti pritrjen v torno sklopko, ki omogoča lažje izklopiti sklopko.

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Elektromagnetna oprijem. Ročaj se šteje elektromagnetna če je stiskanje vodilnih in podrejenih elementov izvedena s pomočjo elektromagnetnih sil. Elektromagnetna sklopka je nenehno v odprtem stanju.

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Tovorna in osebna vozila z zmogljivim motorjem so opremljene s sklopko dveh diskov, ki s konstantno velikostjo, transferji bistveno večji navor in zagotavlja tudi veliko večji gradbeni vir. To se doseže z uporabo dveh podrejenih diskov, sredi katerega se nahaja. Kot rezultat smo dobili štiri torne površine.

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Sklopka motnje, znaki okvare sklopke

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  1. Sklopka ni v celoti vključena ( "korita") kot posledica brušenje ali obrabe vrtečih blazinice podrejenega diska, okvare vzmeti, nezadovoljivo amplitude pedala. Da bi odpravili to okvaro, zamenjati slave disk, odstranite diskov na diskih, spremeniti napako pogona vozlišč.
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  2. Sklopka ni popolnoma izklopljen ( "vodi") zaradi razmeroma velikega prostega teka sklopke, okvare vzmeti, opozorilo pomožnega diska in pozicioniranje tlačne diska neskladnih. Da bi odpravili to okvaro sklopke, mora letalski odstraniti iz hidravličnega pogona prilagodi prosti hod pedala, zamenjati nedelovni diskov in vzmeti.
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  3. Zavorna tekočina je primerna za zaustavitev pogona sklopke, ki je dlje od glavnih in delovnih valjev, kot tudi v povezovalnih ceveh. Če želite odpraviti napako, vizualno našli puščanja mesto in spremeniti v nove napako vozlišč, nato pa popolnoma črpalka za hidravlično napravo.
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Nasveti Profi, kako preprečiti okvaro sklopke

Da bi preprečili zgoraj navedene napake sklopke, je dovolj, da se upoštevamo preprostim poslovanjem. Ko se sklopka deluje, je treba redno preverjati raven zavorne tekočine v rezervoarju. Če je raven pod normam, jo \u200b\u200bobnovite.

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Znižana raven zavorne tekočine ali nepravilne nastavitve sklopke je sposobna voditi na dejstvo, da bo prenos na vaš AUTO težko vklopiti ali ustaviti vključen v vse. Ko se premikate, mora voznik nenehno stisniti in sprostiti pedal sklopke, ki prisili površino pomožnega diska z veliko močjo, da se drgnejo o tlačnem disku in vztrajniku, zaradi katere seveda s časom, stranskimi površinami izreženega diska. To je običajen proces, ki je predviden z zasnovo avtomobila. Vsak stroj zahteva pozornost. V povprečju, s pravilno delovanje sklopke, je zamenjava pogonskega diska potrebna po 80.000 kilometrih vožnje.

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