Kontrola tlmiča nárazov, ako skontrolovať, či je tlmič nárazov správny a výkon špecifikácií výrobcu

Skúsený motorista sa vždy cíti ako vozidlo, ktoré sa chová na ceste, a na základe jednotlivých vlastností určuje, ktorý systém bude diagnostikovaný. Ak sa nezrovnalosti na ceste čoraz viac prejavujú v kabíne vozidla, potom je najpravdepodobnejší, je čas skontrolovať pozastavenie alebo jeho jednotlivé zložky. O tom ďalej v článku.

Tlmič pérovania, zariadenia a účel

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Tlmič nárazov je určený na uhasenie joltov a otrasov, ktoré pri pohybe prijíma telo vozidla pomocou kolies. Okrem toho, tlmiče tlmočníkov poskytujú spoľahlivý kontakt kolesá vozidla s cestmi. Takže ich cieľom je nielen pohodlie, ale bezpečnosť.

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Predtým, autá neboli vybavené tlmivými tlmičmi. Ich funkcie boli vykonané pružinami - zhášanie vibrácií sa uskutočnilo v dôsledku trenia listov z nich sa stali navzájom. Rýchlosť, s ktorou by sa autá mohli pohybovať, neustále rastú, v dôsledku toho sa nové systémy museli vyvinúť pre bezpečnosť a pohodlie. Tak, regály existovali vo forme bloku stlačených trecích kotúčov, ktoré fungovali nasledovne: Vibrácie sa rozložili na úkor úsilia, s ktorými boli disky otočené voči sebe navzájom. Po určitom čase bolo potrebné opustiť takýto dizajn, pretože disky boli rýchlo nosené a prehriaty.

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V 20. rokoch dvadsiateho storočia sa zistil výstup. Riešením problému bolo použitie kvapaliny, ktorá má vibrácie tela, pohybujúce sa z jednej nádrže do druhého pod tlakom.

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Jeho dizajn môže byť regál rozdelený na množstvo hlavných variácií. V štruktúre sú spravidla jednou trubicou a dvomi potrubím.

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Tlmiče nárazov sa vyznačujú typom tekutiny, ktoré sú naplnené - plyn (s plynovou hydraulickou podskou) a hydraulickým. Existujú jednoducho tlmiče plynu, ale používajú sa veľmi zriedka. Plyn v nich je pod vysokým tlakom (asi 60 atm).

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Prevádzka tlmiča nárazov je hydraulická odolnosť alebo odolnosť voči plynu. Olej pôsobí ako kvapalina. Existujú odrody regálov, v ktorých okrem oleja, odpor poskytuje stláčanie a tlakový plyn.

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Samotný tlmič je podmienene rozdelený na piest a valca. Vo vnútri valca v závislosti od modifikácie existujú komory - alebo s plynom a maslom, alebo s vzduchom a olejom. V oboch prípadoch piest chodí vo vnútri valca, klesá a stúpa. V druhom prípade piest odoláva tlak vytvorenému tlakovým plynovou komorou. V prvom horizonte sa piest pohybuje odporom, ktorý sa vyskytuje v dôsledku prúdenia oleja pomocou ventilov do inej komory.

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Kontrola tlmiča nárazov, je možné rozdeliť telo, moderné auto, skontrolovať výkon tlmiča

Skoršie, na starých modeloch klasických vozidiel s minulými typmi a modelmi tlmiče nárazov, by mohla byť použiteľná funkčnosť regálov veľmi jednoduché - s pomocou banda tela. Komplexná konštrukcia moderného automobilového odpruženia neumožňuje vizuálne urobiť objektívne závery o pomoci tlmiča nárazov. Existuje však množstvo ďalších účinných metód, ktoré budeme zvážiť nižšie.

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Tlmič nárazov nefunguje, ktorý trápne ohrozujú auto a vodič, ak sa tlmič nárazov zlyhal

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Hlavnou poruchou tlmočníkov je zmena ich prevádzkových parametrov, ku ktorým dochádza v dôsledku narušenia tesnosti, mechanického poškodenia alebo opotrebovania pracovných prvkov (kmeň) tlmiča nárazov.

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Porucha tlmičov vedie k nasledujúcim dôsledkom:

  1. Porušenie riadenia automobilov. Pamätajte si, že výraz "Neprišiel som s kontrolou ...". Niektorí vodiči sú niekedy prekvapení - no, ako to môžem zvládnuť s ním? V skutočnosti je všetko jednoduché: pri otáčaní otáčania pri rýchlosti, chybné tlmiče sa spontánne pohybovali metal.
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  2. Znižovanie nosnosti.
  3. Znížená stabilita vozidla.
  4. Zvýšenie brzdnej dráhy, riziko "starostlivosti" na stranu s extrémnym alebo stredným brzdením.
  5. Zrýchlenie opotrebovania takýchto suspenzných komponentov, ako je podprytá regály, pružiny, tiché bloky, nábojové ložiská, scruches, a tak ďalej.
  6. Zhoršenie pohodlia jazdy.

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Kontrola tlmiča nárazov, ako skontrolovať pomocou tlmiča s vlastnými silami bez demontáže tlmiča nárazov

Je veľmi dôležité, aby táto metóda mohla skontrolovať len pomocný tlmič, a nie jeho výkon. Korešpondencia regálov technickými charakteristikami výrobcu je samostatná konverzácia.

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Môžete nezávisle kontrolovať pomocou tlmiča nárazov bez demontáže, môžete sa vizuálne - na diagnostiku, aby sa diagnostikovať prítomnosť mechanického poškodenia (t.j. dents) a dobroty tesnosti.

Ak sa netesnosti oleja a škvrny a škvrny sú pozorované na puzdre tlmiča nárazov, okamžite vytiahnite záver, že tesnenie boli opotrebované, čo indikuje vznik tlmiča nárazov.

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Ľudia je názor, že olej "hmla" v prípade je porucha, ale nie. Po spustení tlmiča nárazov sa táto banka považuje za normálny fenomén.

Pri vykonávaní diagnózy tlmiča nárazov po demontáži je potrebné venovať osobitnú pozornosť tyči - nemala by to byť bundy, stopy korózie A, najmä deformácie.

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Ako skontrolovať Tlmič pérovania pri výkone pomocou zariadenia s pohybom pohybu

Toto zariadenie je "Manual". Je pripojený k krídlu auta a senzor je umiestnený na zem. Telo vlnilo informácie. Súčasne sa do zariadenia zavádzajú výrobné parametre, ktoré sú rýchlosťou tlmiča nárazov. Výkon stojana je diagnostikovaný v percentuálnom pomere.

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Skúška šoku (šok-test) Diagnostika tlmiča nárazov

Šokový test vyrobený na špeciálnom stánku. Kolesá osi by mali byť zdvihnutí a poklesli. Počítač registruje koeficient útlmu rečových oscilácií.

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Expresná diagnostika tlmiča nárazov

Expresná diagnostika poskytuje ostré brzdenie. Vykonáva sa na stojane so špeciálnymi platformami. Súčasne sa kontroluje brzdový systém. Auto musí vstúpiť do plošiny a brzdiť ostro. Výkyvy karosérie vozidla sú fixované, ako aj zaťaženie snímačov platformy. Hoci presnosť tejto metódy ponecháva veľa, aby bola žiaduca.

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Kontrola zaťaženia tlmiča tlmiča amplitúdy-rezonancie

Kontrola tlmičov amplitúdy rezonančná metóda je založená na analýze amplitúdy (to znamená, že hodnoty pohybu) plošiny s kolesom vozidla namontované. Platforma je hlásená osciláciou, ktorých frekvencia je asi 16 Hz. Keďže údaje sú oslabené, oscilácie sa vyskytujú rezonancia - zvýšenie amplitúdy oscilácií, keď frekvencia kolísania plošiny a vlastnej frekvencie suspenzie vozidla. Väčšie hodnoty amplitúdy dosahuje, tým horšie uhasí oscilácie tlmiča nárazov. Potom stojan porovnáva výsledky merania s referenčnými údajmi, po ktorých vydáva záver o výkone tlmiča nárazov.

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Nové tlmiče tlmiča, ako skontrolovať tlmič nárazov v mieste nákupu od predávajúceho

  1. Vonkajšia, vizuálna kontrola. Skontrolujte označenie. Musí sa zhodovať s katalógom výrobcu. Ďalej musíte skontrolovať tlmič na prítomnosť rôznych mechanických poškodení žľabov, puzdra, tyče a tak ďalej. Skontrolujte závitové pripojenia. Samozrejme, nemali by existovať žiadne inklúzie ropy.
  2. Kontrola geometrického súladu. Potrebujete strmeň a pravítko. Je potrebné skontrolovať dĺžku v stavovom stave, priemer tyče a pohybovať sa (orientovať alebo na odporúčanie výrobcu, alebo odchýliť sa od menovitej hodnoty - ± 5 mm).
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  3. Kontrola výkonu tlmiča nárazov. Jedna trubica sa kontrolujú bez predchádzajúcej prípravy. Mali by byť stlačené a natiahnuté asi 3-5 krát. Tyč sa musí hladko pohybovať bez ostrých joltov a rušení s rovnakým úsilím. Okrem toho by nemala existovať cudzia creak a hluk, okrem prirodzeného "návrhu", ktorý je výsledkom toku tekutiny vo vnútri stojana. Dual-potrubia musí byť pripravené niekoľkokrát (3-5) čerpať, umiestnené vertikálne, potom, čo neotáča tlmič.

Tipy Prof.

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Diagnostikovať problémy, ktoré sú spojené s prácou tlmičov nárazov, je veľmi jednoduché - auto je výrazne pretrepávajúce, keď zasiahne hrbole, je počuť charakteristické poklepanie. Hlavným problémom spojeným s príchodom tohto zariadenia do Disrepair je, že tento proces sa vyskytuje postupne (výnimka je plynové a olejové tlmiče, ktoré sú spôsobené jeho konštrukciou, sú schopné okamžite zlyhať). Motorista sa teda môže prispôsobiť takémuto správaniu stroja a nie ponáhľať na opravu. Medzitým sa však opotrebovanie pneumatík a brzdná dráha zvyšuje, riadenie je horšie. Môže sa vám zdať, že ide o malé veci, ale na druhej strane, v núdzových prípadoch, porucha tlmočník môže významne ovplyvniť ich výsledok.

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Stojí za zmienku, že v doprave, ktorý je vybavený elektronickými brzdovými systémami (EBD, ABS, a tak ďalej), chybné tlmiče nebudú zriedkavo viesť k zlyhaniam zlyhania.

Pripomienka