Trajnost motora, život motora, kako produžiti život motora

Nedavno su vlasnici automobila imali mnogo puta tijekom cijelog životnog vijeka automobila za obavljanje malog ili motora remont. Danas vozači preferiraju automobilske marke na kojima se ne mogu montirati mehanizmi koji ne zahtijevaju sustavno popravak ili održavanje. Međutim, nažalost, svi agregati i čvorovi vozila istrošeni u isto vrijeme. Najčešće živjeli element automobila je motor koji ne uspijeva na prvom mjestu. O tome dalje u članku.

Auto motor, zašto ne uspije brže od samog stroja

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Automobilski motor može brzo propustiti kao rezultat utjecaja na razne vanjske i unutarnje čimbenike, kao što je loša kvaliteta goriva ili ulja, ekstremni radni uvjeti i tako dalje.

Uzroci trošenja motora

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U razlozima ubrzanog trošenja elektroenergetske jedinice uključuju:

  1. Neočekivana promjena ulja.
  2. Korištenje niskokvalitetnog ulja.
  3. Korištenje visokokvalitetnog goriva.
  4. Nezadovoljavajuće stanje goriva ili filtra zraka.
  5. Fino uklanjanje pogrešaka motora.
  6. Neispravan rad jedinice za napajanje.
  7. Prisutnost oštećenja proizvodnje.

Kako gorivo utječe na motor

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Kvaliteta goriva je najvažniji čimbenik koji utječe na "kvalitetu vožnje" vozila i za rad motora. Strogi zahtjevi koji reguliraju emisije štetnih tvari strojevima su unaprijed određene nekim karakteristikama korištenim gorivom.

Značajke goriva koje utječu na rad motora:

  1. Isparavanje goriva.
  2. Prisutnost aromatskih ugljikovodika.
  3. Sadržaj vode ili alkohola u gorivu.
  4. Oktanski broj.

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Isparavanje goriva karakterizira njegovu sposobnost da se presele u paru iz tekućeg stanja. Benzin ne gori u tekućem stanju, tako da treba ispariti prije ulaska u komoru za izgaranje. Budući da temperatura okoline utječe na rad motora, tada se u različito vrijeme koriste različite vrste goriva. S oštrim promjenom temperature zraka mogu postojati različite greške koje su zbog nedosljednosti goriva i vremenskih uvjeta.

Visoka evakuacija:

  1. Formiranje parnih čepova.
  2. Preopterećenje adsorbera pare faze.
  3. Raspodjela zlonamjernog pare.

Nisko isparavanje:

  1. Loša operacija motora u hladnom vremenu.
  2. Sporo zagrijavanje motora.
  3. Teško pokretanje hladnoće jedinice.

U pravilu, aromatski ugljikovodici se dodaju u gorivo za povećanje oktanskog broja. Kao rezultat njihove previsoke koncentracije u izgaranju, naslage čađe formiraju se na ulaznim ventilima, što je smanjenje snage motora, pogoršanje potrošnje goriva i povećanje ispušnih plinova štetnih komponenti.

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Dodavanje alkohola u gorivo povećava oktanski broj i smanjuje emisije CO. Najčešći aditivi u obliku izopropilnog alkohola, metanola i etanola. Prekomjerna koncentracija alkohola u izgaranju je sposobna oštetiti komponente sustava za dovod goriva i pogoršati "kvalitetu vožnje" vozila.

Greške koje uzrokuju vodu u gorivu:

  1. Neujednačen rad motora u načinu mirovanja.
  2. Povećana potrošnja goriva.
  3. Ubrzanje ili trzanje tijekom ubrzanja.
  4. Teško pokretanje motora.

Oktanski broj unaprijed određuje sposobnost goriva kako bi se oduprijeti pojavi detonacije. Gorivo s velikim oktanskim brojem (na primjer, benzin AI-95) opire detonaciju od goriva s niskim oktanskim brojem (na primjer, benzin AI-92). Pojava detonacije smanjuje učinkovitost goriva i pogoršava rad jedinice za napajanje. Jačanje detonacije može ozbiljno oštetiti motor.

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Ulje za ulje ulje poput ulja utječe na motor

Korištenje loših kvalitetnih ulja može napustiti ubrzano trošenje jedinice za napajanje. Ulje koje nema cijela svojstva nekretnina potrebnih za normalno mazivo elemenata nije u stanju spriječiti stvaranje skaliranja, kao i uništavanje radnih površina visoko napunjenih dijelova (turbopunjač ležajevi, košuljice radilice , klipne suknje, klipni prstenovi, mehanizam distribucije plina, i tako dalje. Povećao nagib loša kvaliteta maziva na pojavu smolastih sedimenata može dovesti do blokade naftnih kanala nego napustiti par trenja bez podmazivanja, što će uzrokovati njihovo brzo Nosite, ometanje i obrazovanje skaliranja. Ti su učinci mogući pri nanošenju maziva, koji u pogledu kvalitete kvalitete ne u skladu s ovom jedinicom za napajanje., Na primjer, ako umjesto preporučenog ulja primjenjuje jeftinije.

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Loše rashladno sredstvo

Prilikom odabira tosole, potrebno je biti izuzetno pažljiv, jer korištenje sumnjivog ili loša rashladna tekućina nekoliko mjeseci može "ubiti" motor automobila. To će biti prethođeno uništavanjem tijela pumpe za vodu, cijev radijatora i glava bloka cilindra. Važno je reći da sva kršenja u radu sustava hlađenja i podmazivanja dovode do brzog trošenja komponenti i, posljedično, skupom i dugotrajnom popravku.

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Filter ulja, zrak i gorivo - prljavi filter, kasna zamjena, jer utječe na motor

Povećanje resursa jedinice za napajanje također utječe na pružanje visokokvalitetnog pročišćavanja ulja, goriva i zraka, koji dolaze na motor. Zagađeni filtar ulja ne može očistiti ulje koje lako može prodrijeti kroz premosni ventil u motor. Onečišćenje goriva i zraka za filtriranje komponenata vodi do povećanja tlaka hidrauličkog, kao i za smanjenje snage agregata. U konačnici, komponenta filtriranja ne izdržava i rasprsnu, međutim, da je najtužnije, vlasnik automobila možda ni primijetio.

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Abrazivno trošenje dijelova motora, uzroci

Svi gore navedeni čimbenici tijekom vremena dovode do najviše otežanog ishoda za motor - abrazivno trošenje njegovih dijelova. I čišćenje i ispiranje elementa krute velike čestice utjelovljenog u meku površinu ne može pomoći.

Drugim riječima, abrazivno trošenje je rezultat rezanja ili grebanja učinaka krutih čestica konjugiranih elemenata ili rezultata prašine iz dijelova prašine dovedenih s mazivom ili zrakom. Abrazivno trošenje motora obično se manifestira u obliku precijenjene potrošnje ulja.

mercedes popravak motora (Mercedes-Benz) Mercedes-Benz automobila slikarstvo Mercedes-Benz Car Slikarstvo

Studija oštećenih elemenata otkriva drugačiju prirodu štete:

  1. Obrazovanje na klipnoj suknji širokog mat mat u kontakt s maksimalnog bočnog opterećenja, kao i s suprotne strane.
  2. Pojava profila obrade nose klipnu suknju.
  3. Obrazovanje na klipnim prstenovima, rukav ili cilindrični zid, kao i klipska suknja, tanke brazde tijekom pokreta.
  4. Pojava trošenja visine na klipnim prstenovima i njihovim žljebovima.
  5. Povećajte toplinsku prazninu na klipnim prstenovima. Rubovi prstena izrađeni su iznimno oštrim.
  6. Nošenje radnih rubova niskotlačnog prstena.
  7. Na klipnom prstu su brazde valovitog profila.
  8. Na drugim elementima uočeni su tragovi abrazivnog trošenja, na primjer, na terminalu ventila.

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Način rada, utjecaj na trajnost motora

Na proširenju motornog resursa i kvalitete njegovog rada također utječe na način rada u kojem se vozilo radi. Proizvođači ne mogu osigurati svoje jedinice snage iz svih abnormalnih načina rada, u kojima se pokreće motor. Rastrg vožnje način, oštri počinje s scene ne pomaže povećati resurs motora i, naprotiv, smanjuje se. Da biste proširili resurs jedinice za napajanje, potrebno je odabrati jedinstvenu autocestu za vožnju bez naglih zaustavljanja i počinje.

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Započnite i zagrijavanje motora, kako utječu na život motora

Rad napajanja na visokim frekvencijama rotacije radilice i maksimalnih opterećenja može značajno smanjiti svoj resurs (za 30 posto ili više). Važno je napomenuti da prekoračenje dopuštenog broja revolucija dovodi do uništenja elemenata motora.

Oko 70 posto trošenja motora pada na način rada za pokretanje. Posebno je pomaže u smanjenju hladnoće resursa, ako je mazivo s neprikladnim karakteristikama viskoznosti pokrivena u jedinici napajanja. Prije svega, povezan je s visokom viskoznošću materijala za podmazivanje na niskoj temperaturi - tako da je ušlo u parove trenja je potrebno više vremena.

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Kratki izleti zimi na motoru doprinose pojavu depozita u sustavu maziva i korozijskog trošenja cilindara, klipova i njihovih prstena.

Duge sranja, dobro ili loše

Značajno smanjiti resurs motora kršenja uvjeta podmazivanja ležaja, kao i cijeli cylindropore sustav. Negativan utjecaj ima negativan utjecaj kratkih putovanja s dugim zaustavljanjem. U isto vrijeme, svojstva lubrikanta pogoršavaju se pogoršavaju, a depoziti nastaju na zidovima kanala. Zapamtite da prije stavljanja vozila na "zimovanje", potrebno je održati nekoliko događaja, što će zaštititi motorne cilindre i samu jedinicu za napajanje od korozije. Treba napomenuti da duga neaktivnost motora i automobila u cjelini dovodi do pojave kvarova i defekata, što značajno smanjuje motor "života".

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Jahanje oko grada također značajno smanjuje resurs jedinice za napajanje, jer vozač mora biti vrlo često usporiti. Resurs automobilskih motora koji se kreću na značajne udaljenosti mnogo je veći, jer motor nije izložen visokim opterećenjima.

Održavanje i pravovremeno popravak

Potrebno je osigurati pravovremeno održavanje i dijagnostiku motora. Na vrijeme mijenjati za hlađenje tekućine, maziva i podešavanje željene čvorova i jedinica. Smanjenje interval filtra i zamjena ulja u zimskom značajno povećava motora resurs. Međutim, samo kvalitetni filteri i ulja treba koristiti.

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Dizajn rješenja kako oni utječu na trajnost motora

Motorna konstruktivna rješenja su u mogućnosti da postanu odlučujući faktor koji utječe na vijek trajanja agregata. U stvari, svaki model ovog mehanizma ima svoje definirane značajke dizajna. Kad za jedno vozilo, mali poremećaji u sustavu prehrane, maziva i paljenja nisu bitne, onda za drugi motor, oni mogu postati destruktivni. Usklađenost s preporukama proizvođača i pravilan rad automobila je ključ za trajnost i pouzdanost motora.

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Savjeti Pros: Idemo zbrojiti gore

Od svega navedenog, može se zaključiti da je produženje resursa za agregat ima utjecaj na masu faktora koji ni postojati na početku ili se javljaju tijekom rada. Nema sitnica u ovom pitanju. U većini slučajeva, povećanje resursa ovisi o povećanom pažnjom na stanje važnih mehanizama i o uvjetima rada agregata.

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