Katalizator ispušnih plinova automobila, neispravan katalizator, pluse i mane katalizatora, kako promijeniti katalizator na ramencitel

Kako riješiti probleme s ekološkim plinom i svaka zemlja izdaje se određeni zakoni koji ograničavaju dopuštenu razinu onečišćenja koju je stvorio svaki vozilo. Kako bi se ispunili ove zahtjeve, proizvođači automobila značajno su nadogradili dizajn automobilskih motora i sustava za gorivo. Jedna od značajnih promjena dogodila se 1975. - pojavio se novi uređaj, koji se naziva katalitički neutralizator (katalizator, pretvarač) ili samo katalizator. Njezin se rad temelji na transformaciji otrovnih ispušnih plinova na bezopasno, obnovu dušikovih oksida, kao i opstanku kratkotrajnih ugljikovodika i plina ugljičnog monoksida. O tome dalje u članku.

Katalizator, uređaj kao što radi

Od školske godine kemije znamo da je katalizator tvar koja uzrokuje ubrzanje kemijske reakcije, ali sama katalizator nije uključen u ovu reakciju. To jest, katalizator izravno sudjeluje u reakciji i utječe na trajanje protoka, ali to nije ni reakcijski proizvod koji katalizira niti reagens. Enzimi u ljudskom tijelu također su prirodni katalizator koji je odgovoran za masu potrebnih biokemijskih reakcija.

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Općenito, katalitički pretvarač u svom radu sastoji se od dvije različite vrste katalizatora - oksidacijski katalizator i katalizator konverzije. Obje valialije se sastoje od keramičke strukture koja je prekrivena metalnim katalitičkim, u pravilu, paladij, platinu i / ili rodijumu. Ideja se temelji na formiranju strukture koja osigurava protok ispušnih plinova najveću površinu neutralizatora i minimizira potrebnu količinu katalizatora, budući da je trošak materijala za to znatno.

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Neki moderni pretvarači počeli su koristiti zlato, pomiješane sa standardnim katalizatorima. Zlato je, usput, čak i jeftinije u usporedbi s drugim navedenim materijalima, ali je sposobno povećati oksidaciju.

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Većina modernih stranih automobila opremljena je s trokomponentnim katalizatorima. To ukazuje da oni omogućuju smanjenje količine emisija triju najštetnijih tvari - ugljikovih monoksida (CO), ugljikovodika (Na) i dušikovih oksida (NOx).

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Katalizator oporavka je prva faza katalizatora. Primjenjuje Rhodium i Platinum kako bi se smanjila emisije dušikovih oksida (NOx).

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Druga faza katalitičkog neutralizatora je oksidacijski katalizator. Smanjuje broj neizgorenog ugljičnog monoksida i ugljikovodika kada se oksidiraju u neutralizatoru zbog paladija i platine.

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Postoje dvije glavne varijacije struktura korištenih u katalizatorima - keramike i stanične. Većina automobila danas primjenjuje staničnu strukturu.

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Što se tiče treće faze katalizatora, temelji se na kontrolnom sustavu, koji nadzire protok ispušnih plinova i primjenjuje ove podatke za kontrolu sustava ubrizgavanja goriva u motoru.

Kvarovi i uzroci razgradnje katalizatora

  1. Mehanička oštećenja (na šoku), kao posljedica toga, dogodilo se uništavanje keramičke jezgre.
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  2. Korištenje loša kvaliteta goriva ili odstupanja u smjesi goriva i zraka. Kada se gorivo koristi s precijenjenim sadržajem željeza, čestice metalnog prestaju do reakcije neutralizacije.
  3. Povećan sadržaj ugljikovodika u ispušnim plinovima (neregulirani motor) i pretjerano iscrpljena smjesa dovodi do značajnog smanjenja vijek trajanja katalizatora. Oni to zapravo uništavaju.
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  4. Prodiranje maziva u put diplomiranja podrazumijeva pečenje ovog maziva na radnoj površini.
  5. Kako su SOST stručnjaci primijetili, kada se koristi gorivo s visokim sadržajem aditiva, koji mogu povećati temperaturu ispušnih plinova, moguće je rastopiti stanice katalizatora i njegov neuspjeh.
  6. Ako automobil povuče na vuču ili guranje automobila kako bi pokrenuo motor ili gurnuo, postoji opasnost od nastalih benzina. U tom slučaju, neželjena kemijska reakcija nastaje sposobna donijeti eksploziju.
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  7. Ne manje negativno utječe na kontakt s hladnom vodom. U procesu prevladavanja vodene barijere, tekućina se može dobiti na Celzijus zagrijanoj na 900 stupnjeva.

Znakovi kvara

  1. Vozilo je "Tupit", plutaju brzinu u praznom hodu, automobil prestaje "povlačiti", dinamičke karakteristike se pogoršavaju, neutralizator može biti vruće (postignut je katalitički neutralizator, to jest, smanjeni ispušni plinovi su smanjeni).
  2. Karakteristično zveckanje i zvonjenje (stanice katalizatora raspadaju).
Posljedice čestica katalizatora
Posljedice čestica katalizatora

Katalizator nije uspio, može li se popraviti

Ako katalizator ne uspije, imat ćete dva rješenja za problem:

  1. Stjecanje i ugradnja novog čvora s katalizatorom. Iako je prilično skupo, ali u budućnosti nećete imati dodatne probleme, a kontaminacija atmosfere će biti na minimalnoj razini.
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  2. Alternativno, izbacite stari element, koji podrazumijeva takve posljedice - povećanje potrošnje goriva kao rezultat mijenjanja parametara puta mature, ona će se treptati eCU, jer je kao rezultat uklanjanja katalizatora s Senzori kisika, kvar sustava će se dati cijelo vrijeme ("ček će stalno gori").

Katalizator ne podliježe popravak. Može se zamijeniti samo univerzalnom ili "rodnom". Također je moguće zamijeniti neutralizator u avionu.

Novi katalizator zašto je tako skup

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Dragmetali se koriste za proizvodnju katalitičkog neutralizatora - platina, rodij, paladij. Stoga je cijena elementa vrlo visok. Važno je napomenuti da je viša kategorija prskanja, to je više plemenitih metala, to je, to je viša razina normi, koja odgovara prskanju (Euro-2,3,4), to je veći iznos Predmetni metali su potrebni za punu oksidaciju. Jeftini katalizatori ne odgovaraju potrebnim standardima, kao posljedica toga prilikom instaliranja ovog elementa, "ček" stalno gori.

Univerzalni katalizator iz folklornih obrtnika

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Izvorni katalizatori su prilično skupi, što prisiljava vlasnike automobila tražiti druge načine rješavanja problema. Neki su montirani na njihov automobil senzor, a neki preferiraju univerzalni katalizator.

U načelu, univerzalni katalizatori su isti uređaji, samo u niskoj kategoriji cijena. Kao i izvorni katalitički pretvarači, oni su keramički i metal. Potonji se, u isto vrijeme, smatraju se više izdržljivijim. Njihov se rad događa upravo za takav princip, kao i izvorne katalizatore, tako da prilikom primjene ne zahtijeva refleksirati računalo na ploči automobila.

Značajan nedostatak univerzalnih katalizatora je njihov kratki vijek trajanja. Čak i "izdržljivi" metalni agregati rijetko rade više od dvije godine. Iako prakticiraju emisije, čak i to razdoblje je prevelika. U pravilu, u prolazu drugog tehničkog pregleda, razina destruktivnih tvari u ispušnim plinovima premašuje normu koja ne dopušta kontrolu nad tehničkom stanjem vozila.

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To se događa da se neutralizator ne nosi s potrebnim zadatkom kao rezultat činjenice da ne može postići željenu temperaturu. Stoga, prilikom uklanjanja razine razine CO, pokušajte ga izvesti. Katalizator se može dovesti do radnog stanja povećanjem rotora motora, držeći ih na velikoj razini (5500-6000 revolucija u minuti) nekoliko minuta. Najčešće nakon takvog izvršenja, katalizator se budi ", s kojim je moguće dobiti potrebnu razinu ispuha.

Flamesterler umjesto katalizatora

  1. Da biste napravili globalnu glazbu, trebat će vam dvije željezne cijevi, od kojih se jedan promjer treba podudarati s ispušnom cijev vozila, a druga ima veliki promjer, koji će biti kućište aviona. Osim toga, rezerviramo jednostavne kuhinjske metalne rublja.

    Uz pomoć konvencionalnih kuhinjskih štapova ispunjavaju prostor između cijevi
    Uz pomoć konvencionalnih kuhinjskih štapova ispunjavaju prostor između cijevi
  2. Nadalje u cijelom području u unutarnjoj cijevi izbušite rupe promjera oko tri milimetra. Tada se mora zalijepiti unutar kućišta (tj. Još jedna cijev velikog promjera). Sada pivo jednu od stranaka.

    Čvrsto mijenjajte metalne rublja
    Čvrsto mijenjajte metalne rublja
  3. U sredini unutarnje cijevi montiranjem perača, u kojem bi trebalo biti rupa jednak promjeru manjih (unutarnje) cijevi.

    Gotova globalna
    Gotova globalna
  4. Nakon toga smo gurnuli metalne pranje tkanine između dvije cijevi (čini se da ih stavite na manji promjer cijevi) i čvrsto se miješaju. Ispunite sve prostora. Trebat će oko 25 ručnih tkanina. Onda ste odrezali slobodni rub cijevi s velikim promjerom, savijte ga i ne volite.

Prednosti i nedostaci plamena vanjštine

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Prednosti senzora ravnina:

  1. Povećanje snage motora.
  2. Jamstvo na avionu (prilikom kupnje već gotovog ljepila, a ne je osobno).
  3. Visoka pouzdanost.
  4. Veliki servisni život.
  5. Niska cijena.
Flameseter
Flameseter

Nedostaci Flamesteller:

  1. Potrebu za dodatnim aktivnostima (postavljanje "obmana", firmware upravljačke jedinice).
  2. Gubitak jamstva na vozilo (za nove automobile).
  3. U ispušnim plinovima povećat će pokazatelje štetnih tvari.

Navijanja Lambda sonda, kako obmanjivati \u200b\u200bsondu Lambda pri zamjeni katalizatora za CAMENancitel

Mehaničko sušenje senzora kisika
Mehaničko sušenje senzora kisika

Prilikom uklanjanja katalizatora i instalacije ravnine, lambda sonda, koja se nalazi u blizini katalitičkog neutralizatora, donijet će pogrešku o njegovoj kvarovi. U tom slučaju, isključenje osjetnika kisika iz ožičenja vozila neće biti u stanju riješiti problem. Stoga, trebate ili reprogramirati senzor kisika ispod standarda Euro-2 ili instalirati elektroničku ili mehaničku kozaluju senzor kisika (kontroler, emulator). Funda ograničava protok ispušnih plinova na sondu lambda i ispravlja svoj rad, s obzirom na promijenjene uvjete ispušnog sustava. No, učinkovitost njegove uporabe ne radi sto posto, jer se ne mogu svi automobili funkcije osjetnika kisika mogu zamijeniti kontrolorom.

Primajte savjet: Da biste instalirali plamenik, potreban vam je kvalificirani master i postavljanje sustava

Nesumnjivo, senzor ravnina može se napraviti i instalirati neovisno, ali čak i ako je ovaj događaj uspješan, svi ćete biti prevareni katalitičkim neutralizatorom, kao i postavkom cijelog sustava. Stoga je bolje da to vjeruju profesionalcima, kako bi se izbjegli problemi s ispušnim sustavom u budućnosti.

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