Koje je prijenosno ulje bolje, kriterije odabira

Vozilo je prilično složeni uređaj, čiji je dizajn uključuje masu različitih mehanizama i elemenata. Tijekom rada sve njegove komponente međusobno djeluju međusobno, zbog čega se pojavi trenje. Trajanje ovog procesa, s vremenom, može uzrokovati oštećenje komponente istog čvora, dakle, kako bi se izbjegao takav scenarij, razna maziva se koriste u mehaničkim čvorovima. Ovi pripravci uključuju ulje prijenosa, uglavnom se koristi za podmazivanje elemenata prijenosa automobila i mehanizama upravljanja. O tome dalje u članku.

Prijenosna ulja, primjena, koji su zahtjevi nametnuti na ulje prijenosa

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Prijenosna ulja koriste se u sljedećim čvorovima vozila:

  1. Slučaj prijenosa.
  2. Prijenos.
  3. Vodeći i srednji mostovi.
  4. Racred i puž zupčanici upravljanja.

Prijenosna ulja su dizajnirana za izvršavanje sljedećih funkcija:

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  1. Izdvajanje topline iz trenja površina.
  2. Spriječiti amortizaciju trenja površine i smanjiti gubitak trenja.
  3. Smanjena udarna opterećenja na zupčanicima, buci i vibracijama.
  4. Zaštita od korozije i uklanjanja proizvoda od trošenja iz područja trenja.

Sljedeći zahtjevi prikazani su uljama prijenosa:

  1. Nedostatak.
  2. Opasnost od požara.
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  3. Optimalna antipaična svojstva.
  4. Stabilnost pri nanošenju i pohranjivanju.
  5. Dobra svojstva podmazivanja koja ne uništavaju gumene proizvode i ne uzrokuju koroziju.
  6. Niska mljevena temperatura.
  7. Dobra temperatura i viskozna karakteristike.

Koji je glavni kriterij za odabir ulja za prijenos

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Prijenosna ulja, prije svega, klasificirana razinom viskoznosti (SAE). Osim toga, razina usklađenosti s uvjetima pod kojima se vozilo radi (APL) ima veliku važnost.

Ulje prijenosa SAE su podijeljena u tri kategorije:

  1. Ulje za prijenos svih sezona (80W-140, 75W-90).
  2. Ljetno prijenos ulje (250W, 140W, 90W, 85W, 80W).
  3. Zimsko prijenosno ulje (85W, 80W, 75W, 70W).

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Prema APL-u, prijenosna ulja su podijeljena u sedam skupina, ali najčešći su sljedeći:

  1. GL-4 - je dobro prilagođen ako se prijenos radi pod uvjetima malih opterećenja.
  2. GL-5 - namijenjen je samo za krute radne uvjete prijenosa.

Mineralno prijenos ulje, dostojanstvo i nedostaci

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Prednosti mineralnih prijenosnih ulja:

  1. Učinkovitost.
  2. Visoka topivost.
  3. Niska cijena.
  4. Zaštita od pojave lakiranih proizvoda.

Nedostatak mineralnih ulja za prijenos je debela na niskim temperaturama.

Sintetičko prijenos ulje, dostojanstvo i nedostaci

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Prednosti sintetičkih prijenosnih ulja:

  1. Hidrolitička stabilnost.
  2. Optimalni raspon radnih temperatura.
  3. Spremanje fluidnosti na niskim temperaturama.
  4. Visoki indeks viskoznosti.
  5. Hidrolitička stabilnost.

Nedostaci sintetičkih prijenosnih ulja:

  1. Pored pojave bočnih proizvoda za laka.
  2. Niska topljivost aditiva.
  3. Relativno visoka cijena.

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Viskoznost prijenosa ulja, uloga viskoznosti ulja na različitim načinima temperature

Optimalna viskoznost prijenosnog ulja utječe na njegovu sposobnost kontinuiranog i neprekidno podmazanja površine mehanizama, kao i lokacije međusobno. To je te tehničke karakteristike prijenosa, kao opterećenje na zubima i brzinu klizanja određuju li se tekućina viskoznosti. Doista, u uvjetima povećanja viskoznosti, svojstva ulja za podmazivanje mogu se pogoršati. Također viskoznost utječe na vijek trajanja elemenata - ulje s traženom viskoznošću značajno proširuje njihove živote.

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Ulje s potrebnim karakteristikama viskoznosti osigurava mogućnost da se vozilo dotakne s mjesta na niskoj temperaturi zraka, može smanjiti hidrauličke gubitke, smanjiti potrošnju goriva i povećati učinkovitost prijenosa. Ako viskoznost ulja nije prikladna, mogu se razvrstati detalji kvačila i mjenjača.

Zamrznuta temperatura prijenosnih ulja

Temperatura jednostavnosti prijenosnih ulja je temperatura, u kojoj ulje zapravo potpuno gubi mobilnost (fluidnost). U pravilu, ljetno prijenosno ulje je zamrznuto na temperaturama -5 stupnjeva Celzija, a zimi - na 20 stupnjeva.

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Klase prijenosnih ulja

Do danas postoji niz klasifikacija prijenosa ulja u inozemstvu. Najpoznatiji od njih su API i SAE. U našoj zemlji, koristi se za razdvajanje operativnih skupina i klasa viskoznosti, kao i uspostavljanje standardnih oznaka, koristi se GOST-17479.2-85. Prema ovom standardu, prijenosna ulja ovise o vrijednosti viskoznosti prema temperaturi od 100 stupnjeva Celzija su podijeljeni u 4 klase - 9, 12, 18, 34, a prema mogućim područjima uporabe i razine operativnih svojstava - do 5 skupina: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Ono što je prijenosno ulje na oznaci API-ja prikladno za većinu automobila

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Napredni API za označavanje su sljedeće klase - GL4 i GL5. Oni su prikazani strogi zahtjevi za anti-trošenje i antisad svojstva. Za moderne automobile potrebno je ispuniti tekućinu za prijenos s oznakom najmanje GL4, a za najnovije strane automobile - GL5.

Prijenosno ulje za automatsko mjenjač, \u200b\u200bbilo da je pogodan za ručni prijenos

Ulja za automatske mjenjače se vrlo razlikuju od ulja za "mehaniku", budući da su prikazani posebnim zahtjevima za pjenjenje i viskoznost. Najvažnija stvar je pjenjenje. Ulja za "automat", za razliku od "mehanike", nemaju složene međunarodne standarde. Vodeći proizvođači automobilskih proizvođača razvili su vlastite zahtjeve i klasifikacije. Osim toga, ATF (ulja za automatsko mjenjač) imaju jednu značajku. Da slučajno ne primjenjuju na "mehanika", za koje su u načelu nisu namijenjeni, oni su posebno bojanje s primjetnom bojom, u pravilu, crveno.

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Savjete prof.

Da bi se omogućilo prednost jednom ili drugom ulje prijenosa iz tehničkih dokumenata u automobil. Važno je napomenuti da je na mnogim automobilima razdoblje za zamjenu ulja u mjenjaču jednak životu samog samog jedinice. No, poželjno je promijeniti ulje prijenosa najmanje jednom od 5-6 godina.

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