Stroj ne počinje u mrazu, razlozi kako eliminirati, korisne savjete

Vjerojatno je nemoguće pronaći vlasnik automobila koji nikada nije naišao na problem teškog početka motora na niskim temperaturama. Teoretski, vozilo treba započeti čak iu najjačim mraza, ali u praksi se ne provodi uvijek.

Možete odabrati brojni tipični uzroci pokretanja problema motora zimi, koji svatko zna i koji su dobro proučavani, ali i dalje isporučuju nevolje vozačima, naime:

  1. Problem goriva.
  2. Slabo prilagođeni sustav paljenja.
  3. Previše debelo motorno ulje.
  4. Kvar startera.
  5. Slaba baterija.

Nema apsolutno identičnih situacija. To se događa da su poteškoće s zimskim lansiranjem u određenom prijevozu uzrokovane određenim razlogom, ali odjednom nekoliko. U tom slučaju, ovaj problem treba sveobuhvatno riješiti i, možda, uključiti stručnjake od stotinu. U jesen, morate razmisliti o pripremi vašeg automobila za rad u zimskim uvjetima i potrošiti sve aktivnosti sadržane u operativnim dokumentima. O tome dalje u članku.

Auto punjiva baterija, napajanje, punjenje, gustoća elektrolita

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Slaba baterija je vođa ocjene problema s lansiranjem jedinice za napajanje na niskim temperaturama. Mogući uzroci su niska napunjenost baterije, nepravilan rad, kritično doba baterije (više od tri godine), kvar jednog ili više limenki. I ona se manifestira kako slijedi:

  1. Kontrolne svjetiljke na ploči s instrumentima slažu mitom.
  2. Starter ne može pomicati motor ili samo nekoliko sporih okretaja.

Ako je naknada bila dovoljno samo za nekoliko okreta motora, prije novog pokušaja pokretanja, pokušajte se "zagrijati" bateriju okretanjem prednjih svjetala tijekom nekoliko sekundi, što će pomoći bateriji da pruži mnogo veće početnu struju s novim pokušajem.

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Ako postoji neko vrijeme ispred polaska, uzmite bateriju u toplu sobu i pustite ga da se zagrije. Kada dođete do baterije s plus temperaturom, možete je spojiti na punjač neko vrijeme.

S priključcima baterije morate ukloniti priključke. Zatim očistite kontaktne površine od moguće kontaminacije i oksida, zatim ponovno spojite žice i sigurno ih pričvrstite. Vrlo često, uobičajeno povlačenje kontakata omogućuje da se osigura pokretanje motora.

Ako vozilo ima ručni okvir, može se početi s vučom ili ljudima s potiskivanjem.

Također možete sekati s baterijom drugog automobila.

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Međutim, ako sve ove mjere ne pomažu, morate kupiti i instalirati novu bateriju na vozilo. Ako postoji dionica slobodnog prostora na mjestu instalacije, razmislite o stjecanju baterije malo većeg spremnika.

Možete spriječiti pojavu problema s baterijom na takve načine:

  1. Vozilo je savršeno pokrenuto, ako je baterija provela dan prije u toploj sobi. Većina vozača Ural, Sibira, kao i sjeverne regije Rusije, uzmite bateriju noću.
  2. Svi problemi s pokretanjem su drastično riješeni montažom vozila WebAsto sustava ili drugih uređaja prijehearača motora. Druga mogućnost instrumenata kontrolira smanjenje temperature u motornom prostoru i sustavno okreće motor da ga održava u željenom rasponu.

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Starter automobil, kontakti releja uvlakača, kontaminacija startera s tekućinama, žice za napajanje

Mogući uzrok starterske greške je međusvim dodir zatvaranja navijanja. Čak i uz napunjenu i servisirajuću bateriju, starter nije u stanju pružiti dovoljan napor za okretanje hladnog motora, iako troši u ovom trenutku značajnu struju. Ponekad uzrok neuspjeha ne leži u stanju električnog dijela, već u kršenju centra elektromotornog rotora.

Kako se manifestira:

  1. Strani šum u električnom motoru prilikom pokušaja početka.
  2. Kada se starter provjerava, starter stvara nedovoljan napor za pomicanje jedinice za napajanje.

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Čak i na početku zime provjerite stanje pozitivnog kontakta releja uvlakača, kao i integritet kontakta za zatvaranje vrha. Oksidirani ili labavi kontakt može ometati rad startera i dovesti do iskrenja, a nakon toga i na apsolutni nestanak kontakta.

Starter je jedan od najmoćnijih energetskih potrošača. U uvjetima velikih opterećenja na Winder Windu, toplina je istaknuta. Ako se motor ozbiljno rotira, toplina se više ističe, a dugačak rad startera može ga završiti s vatrom. Stoga se ne preporuča za rotiranje motora dugo vremena.

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Auto ulje zimi, sintetički ili mineral? Kako odabrati kvalitetno ulje u hladnoj sezoni

Nemojte uštedjeti na ulju. Postoji nekoliko osnovnih pravila zamjene maziva:

  1. Potrebno je sustavno promijeniti. Barem jednom pola godine ili 10 tisuća kilometara kilometraža. Čak i ako zamjena maziva preporučuje proizvođač nakon 15 tisuća kilometara, poželjno je da ga ne dovede u kritično stanje.
  2. Potrebno je zamijeniti mazivo u jesen pad, tako da je u najtežoj zimskom razdoblju moguće jamčiti svježinu ulja.
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  3. Nemojte koristiti mineralni ili polu-sintetički ulje zimi. Značajka sintetičkog maziva je da se pohranjuje u tekućem stanju čak iu najjačim mraz. Što je ulje debelo, što se duže naftno gladovanje jedinice za napajanje nastavlja. Stopa feeda maziva na mjestima podmazivanja značajno utječe na motorni resurs. I, najosnovnije - debelo ulje povećava otpornost rotirajućih elemenata kada motor pokrene.

S obzirom na sve gore navedeno, nakon startera, jedan od najvažnijih čimbenika brzog lansiranja motora u zimskim danima je pravi izbor maziva. Prilikom kupnje ulja potražite od prodavatelja. Nemojte kupiti ulje iz pladnjeva ili na tržištu. Preporučljivo je kontaktirati korporativnu uslugu i odabrati ulje koje najbolje odgovara vašem modelu vozila.

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Gorivo, obratite pažnju na dobro kvalitetno zimsko gorivo

Prvo, razmislite o motorima koji rade na benzinu.

Ako voda uđe u gorivo, onda s velikim mrazom zamrzava i može potpuno paralizirati rad elektroenergetskog sustava. Ako gorivo i dalje prolazi kroz crijeva i cjevovode, kao rezultat veze s vodom, slabo isparava, pa čak i uz normalnu iskru ne može zapaliti. Ovaj problem je dijagnosticiran vizualnim pregledom svijeća. Osim toga, nakon što pokušavate pokrenuti lansiranje ispušne cijevi, ne miriše ne spaljenog benzina.

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Mogu postojati dva razloga za to:

  1. Benzin se razrijedi s vodom. Neka napadači mogu napadačima, ali i drugi razlozi su također mogući. Da biste to izbjegli, punjenje automobila samo uz visoko kvalitetno gorivo na pouzdanim benzinskim postajama.
  2. Na minusu temperature na zidovima spremnika za plin, kondenzat se pojavljuje i kapala u benzin. Stoga, zimi pokušati zadržati Benzobak pun tako da se formira manje kondenzata. Također je korisno primijeniti filtar za gorivo s posebnim kaputom, gdje će se prikupiti voda.

Prevedite automobil u toplu sobu, odvodite benzin i očistite komponente sustava za gorivo. U nekim slučajevima, dobar rezultat osigurava korištenje "sušilica za benzin". Možete ih kupiti u auto kemijskom odjelu. Pažljivo koristite alat, držite se uputa.

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Što se tiče dizelskih motora, jedan od najčešćih problema s njima je "ljetni" wastellar. U hladnoći, takvo gorivo se može preseliti u konkretni uvjet, a sustav goriva je neprohodan kao rezultat dobivenih parafinskih pahuljica. U isto vrijeme, starter se ispravno okreće, ali motor ne počinje. Ispušna cijev ne mirisa gorivo, nema isparavanja.

Da biste to izbjegli, primijenite samo dizelsko gorivo koje odgovara sezoni. Ako počinje snažno hlađenje, dodajte poseban antigel ili depresor aditive na njega.

Da bi se uklonio ovaj problem, isperite filtar za gorivo toplom vodom, mlaznicama i pumpom visokog tlaka. Radite s vodom izuzetno pažljivo tako da ne pogodi električnu opremu, osobito starter i generator.

Pumpa za gorivo provjerava njegovo stanje

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Pumpana pumpa je vrlo često uzrok ovog problema. Nalazi se u spremniku za gorivo. Da biste provjerili njegovu izvedbu, potrebno je odvrnuti poklopac grla spremnika za plin kada je kontakt isključen i zatražite pomoćnik da okrene ključ za paljenje na način rada "Ass". U ovom trenutku morate staviti uho na vrat i pažljivo slušati. Zapravo, na svim modelima automobila, možete čuti kako za 1-2 sekunde nakon uključivanja paljenja, pumpa za gorivo počinje raditi. Učinite ovaj događaj nekoliko puta, uključujući i isključivanje paljenja okretanjem ključa.

Ako računalo ne vidi signal senzora radilice, isključuje napajanje na pumpi za gorivo. Ako niste mogli čuti da je počeo raditi, onda ili ste slabo slušali, ili trebate provjeriti osigurač pumpe za gorivo. Zamijenite osigurač ako je spaljen i idite na uslugu kako biste utvrdili uzrok izgaranja.

Filtar za gorivo provjerite njegovu izvedbu

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Filter za gorivo je još jedan mogući razlog što vozilo ne počinje zimi. Kontaminirani filtar prolazi gorivo vrlo sporo, kao rezultat toga nije dovoljan za normalan rad motora. Da bi se uklonilo slom, filtar za gorivo mora biti zamijenjen.

Sustav za auto paljenja, auto svijeće uvjeti, sustav za iskrenje

Velike struje curenja neispravnih savjeta, visokonaponske žice ili druge komponente električne opreme dovode do činjenice da izazove na svjetlu svijeće i uopće pogoršava.

Starter se snažno okreće vratilo, ali motor neće početi. Provjerite iskru na središnjoj žici za trimera, a također naizmjence provjerite visokonaponske žice svakog cilindra, što će omogućiti da se otkrije prisutnost ili odsutnosti iskre. Ako postoji normalno iskrenje, provjerite stanje svijeća. Ako je napon prisutan pri ulasku u gumu, ali ne dostiže svijeće - provjerite klizač i kontakti traver.

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Ovisno o otkrivenim nedostacima, zamijenite problematične čvorove ili dio - gume, svijeće, oštećenu zavojnicu ili žicu. Prskanje visokonaponskih žica s posebnim aerosolom, možete ih djelomično zaštititi od propuštanja. Svijeće mogu jednostavno obrisati, isperiti ili se sakriti.

Drugi, koji sprječava start-up (sigurnosni sustavi, imobilizatori, brave i druge frili i kvalitetu njihove instalacije)

Ako jedan od elektroničkih sustava instaliranih na vašem automobilu ima kvarove, u mnogim aspektima moderan prijevoz, sustav kontrole motora je sposoban blokirati mogućnost pokretanja jedinice za napajanje. Vrlo često, razlog za neuspjeh lansiranja motora leži u kvarovi ili lozinku ugradnju elektroničkog sustava protiv krađe - imobilizatora.

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U pravilu, kada se razbije, računalo ne percipira ključ u kojem se nalazi čip s elektroničkim kodom, koji isključuje sigurnosni sustav. Ovi elektronički sustavi, nažalost, ne mogu se samostalno provjeriti, budući da posebna oprema mora biti za dijagnostiku.

Kompresija, provjerite pritisak u cilindrima

Na mnogo načina, prijevoz s velikom kilometražom, optimalni pokazatelji kompresije su sačuvani na štetu ulja koji ispunjava prostor između zida cilindra i položiti prstenove. U hladnom vremenu, kada debelo mazivo teče dolje i isporučuje se uljnom pumpom kada pokušava početi, benzin se izlije na vrh, otapanje i ispiranje iz zidova cilindra. Kao rezultat toga, kompresija pada oštro i automobil odbija početi.

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Svaki dan, prije početka, mjerenje kompresije je glupa i nezahvalna stvar, ali ta kompresija može biti uzrok odbijanja.

Savjeti Profi: Ako automobil u mrazu provodi na ulici, instalirajte grijani toosol

Ako ostavite vozilo za noć na ulici na niskim temperaturama, instalirajte grijač filtra za gorivo, koji značajno povećava šanse za početak hladnog motora.

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