Referentni amortizer koji nosi, kako odrediti šok amortičara

Elementi ovjesa vozila uključuju mnogo različitih dijelova - nosača, poluga, izvora, amortizera, ležajeva i tako dalje. Svaki od njih ima svoju vlastitu svrhu, ali samo dobro stanje svih elemenata i čvorova suspenzije formira uvjete za sigurnu vožnju automobila. Uz jako trošenje mogu poslužiti kao izvori stranih zvukova - škripa, kuca i tako dalje. Jedna od tih komponenti koja izravno utječu na rotaciju vozila (indikator koji ukazuje na ponašanje automobila zauzvrat, okretanje je neutralno, redundantno i nedovoljno) referentni ležaj amortizera. O tome dalje u članku.

Macpherson suspenzija, uređaj i svrha

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Macpherson suspenzija je jedna od najčešćih vrsta automobilske suspenzije. Glavni dizajn element suspenzije je šok apsorpcijski stalak, kao posljedica toga što je suspenzija također dobila ime "ljuljanje svijeće". Uglavnom se "suspenzija svijeća" koristi za prednje kotače. Korištenje Macpherson suspenzije omogućilo je prijeći prijenosniku i motor u prostoru rotora i dovela je na širu uporabu u modernoj automobilskoj industriji.

Macpherson suspenzija se sastoji od:

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  1. Stabilizator poprečna stabilnost.
  2. Stalak za amortizaciju.
  3. Zakretna šaka.
  4. Poprečna poluga.
  5. Subframe.

U suspenziji Macpherson, nosivi ležajevi igraju ključnu ulogu. To su oni koji su tzv. Veza između tijela automobila i prednje suspenzije. Kvaliteta upravljanja podacima, udobnost i sigurnost vožnje ovisi o statusu podataka elemenata.

Ležaj stalka za apsorpciju, uređaj i princip rada

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Podrška ležaj, za razliku od uobičajenog valjanja ležaj, ima veliku debljinu vanjskog prstena. U ovom ležaju, cilindrični valjci igraju ulogu valjanja. Svaki takav valjak je okomit na prethodni i kako bi se zaštitio odvojeno od njega pomoću separatora. Ovaj dizajn daje poseban s mogućnošću preuzimanja opterećenja iz bilo kojeg smjera.

Osnovne varijacije ležajeva za podršku koje se koriste u modernim automobilima:

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  1. Vrsta referentnog ležaja s jednim odvojenim. U takvom ležaju, vanjski prsten je podijeljen na jednom mjestu, s kojom se povećava krutost. Ovaj ležaj se koristi za rotiranje vanjskog prstena s velikom točnošću.
  2. Ležaj s odvojenim vanjskim prstenom za rotiranje unutarnje. U ovom ležaju, unutarnji prsten je spojen na kućište, u vanjskom - odvojen. Ovaj se model koristi tamo gdje je potrebna točnost unutarnjeg prstena.
  3. Imajući u kojem je unutarnji prsten odvojen za rotiranje vanjske. U ovom modelu, unutarnji prsten je odvojen, a vanjski je spojen na kućište. Ova vrsta ležajeva podrške koristi se tamo gdje je potrebna točnost rotacije vanjskih prstena.
  4. Ležaj s ugrađenim vanjskim ili unutarnjim prstenom. U ovom modelu, prirubnice za stezanje nisu potrebne, kao posljedica prisutnosti rupa za montažu. Osim toga, dizajn podrške s umetnutim prstenom osigurava brtve, koji je sposoban osigurati konstantnu točnost rotacije i eliminirati utjecaj instalacije. Ova vrsta ležaja može se primijeniti za rotiranje unutarnjeg i vanjskog prstena.

Znakovi kvara ležaja

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  1. Kao rezultat prisutnosti mehaničke veze ležaja i podupiranja šalica regala, čak i najmanji zaostatak će odmah dati u tijelu s određenim udarcima.
  2. Kada se okreće u području čaša za podršku, čuje se škripanje.
  3. Rotacija stupa upravljača postaje teško, posebno je to vidljivo na vozilima bez upravljača pojačala.

Dijagnoza ležajeva

Detaljnija dijagnostika može se izvršiti pomoću pomoćnika:

  1. Prije svega, morate uključiti poklopac poklopca i zatražiti pomoćnik za rotiranje stupa upravljača (ako postoji upravljač pojačala, morate pokrenuti motor). Zatim stavite ruku na podršku, nakon čega ćete osjetiti klik i udarci. Točniji kvar može se odrediti pomoću automobila stetoskopa. U nedostatku takvog, običan medicinski je prikladan.
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  2. Uz pomoć partnera, vozimo vozilo s jedne strane na drugu. Ako je podrška neispravna, čuju se stvari.

Alati, uređaji, potrošni materijal

  1. Ključ s CAID-om (ručka mora biti zakrivljena).
  2. Posebna glava dizajnirana za rastavljanje regala.
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  3. Estrih Springs.
  4. Dinamometrički ključ.
  5. Ratchet sa skupom glave.
  6. Ključ za šipku.
  7. Duga glava (svijeća).

Kako promijeniti potporu prednjeg stalka s ležajem (fazni posao)

  1. Prije svega, potpuno rastavljamo stalak. Za početak, trebali biste odvrnuti pomoću dva ključa gornjeg amortizera.
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  2. Donji dio stalka se uklanja tradicionalnom metodom ili jednostavno odstupajte s hrpom podrške, za koju je vozilo podiže u dizalicu. Sljedeće je uklonjena podrška.
  3. Ako je referentni ležaj neispravan, ima smisla provjeriti cijeli čvor amortizera.
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  4. Nakon uklanjanja stalak s podrškom, trebali biste pažljivo očistiti mjesto sadnje od prljavštine i provjeriti mehanizam za oštećenje korozije. Dalje, čistimo metal od korozije, ako ih ima, nastavimo s hrđem pretvaračem i bojom.
  5. Stara podrška, posebno s oštećenjem, ne podliježe popravak, tako da se mora promijeniti na novom.
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  6. Zatim se stalak mora montirati bez demontaže opruge i instalirati ažurirani čvor na mjestu. Ne zaboravite olakšati oznaku položaj šipke i sve pričvrsne matice za spremanje kuta kotača.
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  7. Stalak mora biti učvršćen na donju polugu suspenzije, a zatim pažljivo podignite čvor pomoću priključnice. Preporučljivo je obaviti ovu operaciju s asistentima. Prvi mehaničar podiže priključak, drugi - kontrolira poravnanje sadnje.
  8. Ali, možete učiniti naprotiv - podići tijelo za automobil, ostavljajući privjesak s kotačićem na tlu. Zatim montirajte i popravite potporu. Zatim polako spustite utičnicu, u isto vrijeme poravnavajući amortizer u točki nosača potpore. Ova instalacija omogućuje da se prirodno postavlja element u utičnici za sadnju.
  9. Nakon smanjenja šipke u rupu potpore, zategnite matice za pričvršćivanje.
  10. Ne zaboravite demontirati udobnost izvora stalka nakon popravljanja svih detalja. Na kraju popravka trebate provoditi ispitno putovanje kako biste provjerili izvedbu upravljanja i odsutnost vanjskog buke.

Kako zamijeniti nosiv ležaj, korak po korak

Ako je sve u redu s podrškom, a greška leži samo u ležaju, moguće je zasebno zamijeniti, za koju rastavljamo postolje s podrškom (postupak je opisan gore) i rastavljati potonje (dizajn svih Različita, ali načelo je o istom), nakon čega proizvodimo reviziju ležaja. Obično, loptice su neravnomjerno istrošene, žlijezde su uništene, postoje jakne na isječku. Zatim promijenite referentni ležaj i postavite sve u obrnutom redoslijedu.

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Popravak nosivog ležaja, ima li smisla popraviti ili bolje staviti novi ležaj

Unatoč činjenici da ležajevi, najčešće možemo pristupiti individualnim komponentama, ne smiju ih popraviti. Prvo, trošak ležaja je mali, i, drugo, to je dovoljno odgovoran čvor, kao rezultat kojih je zamjena žlijezda ili kuglica s rukotvorkom metodom neće dovesti do nečeg dobrog. Stoga, - nedvosmislena zamjena.

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Referentni ležaj, promijenite oba ili jedan

Jedan promijeniti ležaj ili odmah - ne postoji jedno mišljenje. U pravilu, zamjena pare se provodi više zbog reosiguranja. Radnici se dijagnosticiraju ovu potrebu, na temelju stanja automobilske suspenzije u cjelini. Također se događa da je nepraktično zamijeniti drugi ležaj - zašto izbaciti dobro radnog dijela?

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Prednji šok apsorber stup podršku ako je ležaj u dobrom stanju, je li moguće obnoviti potporu nosača amortizera

Ako je ležaj normalan, a uzrok kucanja je trošenje prigušivača ili drugog elementa koji nije odgovorna jedinica za dizajn, onda se podrška može popraviti. Na primjer, ako je gumeni jastuk dobar, ali tijekom rada, promijenila je veličinu, možete kompenzirati skupljanje odjaviti brtvu napravljenu na stroju. Naravno, neće biti moguće vratiti se na potporu od 100 posto uspješnosti, ali je moguće osigurati kilometražu nekoliko tisuća kilometara, a bez eksplicitnih sigurnosnih i udobnosti problema.

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Savjete prof.

Iako je podrška stalku za apsorpciju udara odgovorna čvora, moguće je vratiti njegovu učinkovitost bez kontaktiranja usluge. Ovisno o ozbiljnosti oštećenja, potrebno je birati između popravka, zamjene istrošenih stavki ili instaliranje novog čvora. Rješenje ovisi o trošku komponenti i vaših kvalifikacija.

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