Auto ovjes, vrste i tipovi automobila suspenzije, pregled

Ovjes je jedna od najvažnijih komponenti vozila. To je ovaj čvor da su mase inženjera i dizajnera posebno privukli. Vrste automobila suspenzije su različiti, što ovisi o cijeni automobila, pogon i, naravno, segment zauzima model. O tome dalje u članku.

Auto ovjes, zašto i što visi na njoj

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Subressing sustav ili automobila suspenziju je skup mehanizama, čvorova i dijelova koji igraju ulogu poveznica između ceste i karoserija. Suspenzija se obavlja one funkcije:

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  1. Fizički povezuje kontinuirano mostove ni kotač sa sustavom za prijevoz automobila ili tijela.
  2. Podnosi trenutke sustava nosača i sila koje se javljaju u procesu interakcije kotača s roadpapers.
  3. Daje željeni prirodu kretanja kotača relativne okvira ili tijelu, kao i potrebnu glatkoću udara.

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Glavne komponente suspenzije su:

  1. Komponente osiguravajući elastičnost.
  2. Distribucija električne energije komponente.
  3. Komponente stabilizaciju stabilnost poprečno.
  4. Nakon gašenja reakcije komponentu.
  5. Elementi za spajanje

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Postoji mnogo vrsta ovjesa. Neki su ranije koristili, drugi su sada koriste, pa ćemo razmotriti one vrste koje se u modernom automobilskoj industriji dobila najveću distribuciju.

McPherson ovjes, uređaja, prednosti i mane

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Ova suspenzija varijacija je razvijen od strane inženjera Erl McPherson 1960. Ime je dobio u čast izumitelja. Njegove glavne komponente:

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  1. Poluga.
  2. Poprečni stabilizator stabilnost.
  3. Blok (sastoji od opružnog elementa teleskopski i amortizera).

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Drugi naziv teleskopski amortizer je „ljuljanje svijeću”, jer je ona povezana s tijelom kroz zglob te je u mogućnosti na ljuljački kada kotača pomiče gore i dolje.

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Ova vrsta suspenzije ima svoje nedostatke - značajan pretvaranje uglu kolapsa kotača, ali to je vrlo popularan zbog jednostavnosti dizajna, pouzdanost i demokratskom cijenu.

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Privjesak dvosmjerna, uređaj, dostojanstva i nedostaci

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Jedan od najnaprednijih sustava. To je ovjes s dvije poluge različitih duljina (kratka gornja i dugo niže), koji jamči da stroj minimalno trošenje guma i izvrsnu stabilnost poprečno na roadbed (poprečne pokreti upravljačem općenito beznačajan).

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Prema tome, svaki kotač percipira bube i jame, bez obzira na sve ostalo, to omogućuje održavanje normalne kvačilo gume s cestom tkanine i najvećeg vertikalnog odnosa prema cesti.

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Privjesak više sekcija, uređaja, prednosti i mane

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Ova suspenzija varijanta je malo sličan sustav dvostruke rukom, ali je puno više savršen i teže. Nije iznenađujuće da su sve prednosti prethodne vrste su prebacili na njega. To je skup od šarki, tihe blokova i poluga u prilogu posebnog podkonstrukciju. Većina „tihi”, a loptu podržava osigurava ne samo izvrsnu glatkoću moždanog udara, a izvrsno ugasiti udarce s oštrim utrci za bilo koju prepreku. Osim toga, oni smanjuju buku u automobilu kabinu s kotačima.

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Takav program omogućuje postizanje najviše bolju spojku guma s bilo vrsti podloge, depotable kontrole i glatkoća. Prednosti višedimenzionalno suspenzije:

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  1. Optimalna rotirajuće kotače.
  2. Mali unsappressible mase.
  3. Odvojena uzdužne i poprečne prilagodbe.
  4. Neovisnost svaki kotač od ostatka.
  5. Dobar potencijal u pogon pune četiri kotača.

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Jedini, ali značajan nedostatak „multi-dimenzija” je visoka cijena. Važno je napomenuti da je ranije ove vrste suspenzije koristiti samo na izvršne automobila. U naše vrijeme, to je opremljen čak i golf klase stroj.

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Adaptivna privjesak, uređaja, prednosti i kontra privjesci

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Adaptivna suspenzije znatno razlikuju od drugih varijacija. Prilikom stvaranja takvog sustava, A hidropneumatskim suspenzija uzima kao osnovu, koja se primjenjuje od Mercedes Benz i Citroen vozila. Međutim, tada je bila teška dovoljno, primitivni i zauzeo puno prostora. Danas su dizajneri dobili osloboditi od svih tih minusa, a jedina mana prilagodljivi ovjes temelji se na njegovoj složenosti.

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Prednosti prilagodljivog ovjesa:

  1. Automatska prilagodba za bilo pločnik.
  2. Adaptacija pod određenim vozača.
  3. Prisilno promjenjivi damping.
  4. Izvrsna stabilnost.
  5. Visoka sigurnost.
  6. Val usmjeravanje pri velikim brzinama i minimalnim povremeni peciva.

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Različiti problemi primijeniti svoje adaptivne sheme ovjes, ali njihovi osovine karakteristike su iste. U svakom prilagodljivog dizajna uključuju takve komponente:

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  1. Elektronički senzori - klirens, neujednačena ceste i tako dalje.
  2. Šasija upravljačka jedinica.
  3. Aktivne stalci amortizera.
  4. Stabilizatori stabilnost poprečnog (postoji mogućnost da se prilagodi).

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Kontrolna jedinica analizira informacije dobivene od senzora, nakon čega su naredbe za amortizeri i stabilizator šalje. Sve se to događa u stvari odmah.

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„De Dion” ovjes, pro i kontra

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Ova suspenzija također nazvana u čast izumitelja (kao i McPherson), koji je francuski Albert de Dion postao. Imenovanje ovog tipa suspenzije je smanjiti opterećenje (odvajanjem kućište motora primarnog prijenosa) do stražnje osovine vozila. Ako je prethodno bio priključen izravno na mostu gredu, sada carger fiksiran na samom tijelu.

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To omogućuje prijenos momenta semi-osi, koje su učvršćene na shurts. Međutim, to nije bilo moguće riješiti glavnih nedostataka svih ovisnih varijacije ove suspenzije. Na primjer, to je zapravo nemoguće da se uspori „bez Clevkov”, te u slučaju naglog početka, auto jednostavno „čuči” na stražnje kotače. Za razliku od pokušaja da se eliminiraju podataka nedostatke ugradnjom dodatne komponente (vodiče) je neuravnotežen ponašanje stroja ostaje glavni problem.

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Stražnji ovisi suspenziju, suspenzija klasične

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Ovaj tip je značajka od „klasika” od Zhiguli. Značajka ovog dizajna je cilindrični vijak opruge koji igraju ulogu elastičnih dijelova. Na ova dva izvora „vješanje” snop stražnjoj osovini, koji je pričvršćen za tijelo s četiri uzdužne poluge.

Ovaj komplet nadopunjuje reaktivni poprečnu šipku, svrha kojih poboljšati pokazatelje upravljivosti i ugasiti role kabine.

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Glatkoću moždanog udara i udobnost ostavlja puno da se željeni, kao posljedica velike težine unsourous masa i krajnjih stražnjih samom mostu. To je osobito hitna kada se ispostavi stražnju osovinu vodi, jer je glavni prijenos kartica, mjenjač i ostali elementi fiksirani na zraku.

Polu-zavisne stražnji suspenzija, uređaja, prednosti i mane

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Ovaj program je bio široko rasprostranjen i koristi se u izradi većeg broja modernih pogonom na sve kotače automobila. To je dvije uzdužne poluge koje su pričvršćeni u centru na križu. Ova vrsta suspenzija ima puno prednosti:

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  1. Mala težina.
  2. Male veličine.
  3. Najbolje kinematika kotača.
  4. Jednostavan je za popravak i održavanje.
  5. Značajno smanjenje unsophured masa.

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Minus ovog dizajna je nemogućnost korištenja na pogon automobila sa stražnjim pogonom.

SUV ovjes i kurva, uređaj, dostojanstva i nedostaci

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U različitim modelima džipove, dizajneri idu na različite načine. To ovisi o imenovanju i težini SUV-a. Tri varijacije suspenzije koristi su moguće:

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  1. Potpuno ovisna suspenzije.
  2. Potpuno neovisan izbor.
  3. Prednji nezavisni i ovisi stražnji sklop.

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Stražnja osovina obično opremljen oprugom ili opružnom suspenzijom u kombinaciji s krutim kontinuiranim mostova. Opruge se koriste u stvaranju teške džipove i pickups, jer su nepretenciozan, pouzdanost i može izdržati teške terete. Osim toga, takva shema je jeftin dovoljno, kao rezultat od kojih izvire opremiti neke proračunske automobila.

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Proljetno shema ima dugu potrošnju i mekoću. To je više usmjerena prema udobnosti i montirati na svjetlo džipovima.

Generički Sedan Stock slike po khi, Inc.
U prednjem osi, u pravilu, ovisni sheme proljeće ili torzijski koriste. Neki džipovi su opremljeni s krutom kontinuirane mostove, ali takva odluka u našem vremenu je vrlo rijetka.

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Obustava kamione, uređaj, dostojanstva i nedostataka

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Kamionima, u pravilu, upotrebljava se ovisno o dizajnu s hidrauličkim amortizerima tipa i uzdužnim ili poprečnim opruga. Zbog svoje jednostavnosti, ovjes je naširoko koristi u proizvodnji do danas.

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Uzdužni izvori bilježe se u tjelesnim tipkovnici. Most je suspendiran na tipkovnici. Amortizeri su priključeni na stražnje osovine grede. Glavna uloga u takvom dizajnu raspoređuje na izvore koji vode most, obvezuju tijelo s kotača i djeluju kao vodič komponente.

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Međutim, ova jednostavnost je određivanje samo u proizvodnji. Vozač mora nositi s nezadovoljavajućim upravljivosti automobila pri velikim brzinama. Sproughts nisu idealni kao vodič komponente. Prema tome, držanje kotača sa skupa je bitno drugačija.

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REZULTATI

Važno je napomenuti da su u obzir vrste automobilskog ovjesa su najčešće u našem vremenu, ali to nije cijeli popis postojećih varijacija.

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