Provjera amortizera šok, kako provjeriti je li amortizer ispravan i izvedba specifikacija proizvođača

Iskusni vozač uvijek se osjeća kao da se vozilo ponaša na cesti, a na temelju pojedinačnih značajki određuje koji se sustav dijagnosticira. Ako se nepravilnosti na cesti sve više osjećaju u carinoj kabini, najvjerojatnije je vrijeme za provjeru suspenzije ili njegove pojedinačne komponente. O tome dalje u članku.

Amortizer, uređaj i svrha

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Amortizer je osmišljen kako bi se zaustavila padova i udaraca, kada se kreće prima tijelo automobila pomoću kotača. Osim toga, amortizeri osiguravaju pouzdanu vezu kotača vozila s roadpapers. Dakle, njihovo odredište nije samo utjeha, ali sigurnost.

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Prije toga, automobili nisu bili opremljeni sa amortizerima. Njihove funkcije su provedena od strane izvora - napravljena za gašenje vibracija uslijed trenja od listova iz postali jedni od drugih. Brzina kojom automobili mogao kretati neprestano su rasle, kao rezultat od kojih je novi sustavi morali razviti za sigurnost i udobnost. Dakle, stalci postojala u obliku bloka komprimirani trenja diskova, koji su radili kako slijedi: Vibracije su zaustavljena na teret napora, s kojima Diskovi su rotirani u odnosu na drugu. Nakon nekog vremena, bilo je potrebno napustiti takav dizajn, jer diskovi su vrlo brzo nosio i pregrijan.

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U 20-ih godina dvadesetog stoljeća, izlaz je pronađen. Rješenje problema je uporaba tekućine koja ima vibraciju tijela, koji se kreće iz jednog spremnika u drugi pod pritiskom.

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Po svom dizajnu, stalak se može podijeliti u nekoliko većih varijacija. U strukturi, one se, u pravilu, jedna cijev i dvije cijevi.

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Amortizeri odlikuju vrsti tekućine koja se napuni plinom - (sa plinom hidraulički subpode) i hidraulički. Postoje samo plin amortizeri, ali oni koriste vrlo rijetko. Plin u njima je pod visokim tlakom (oko 60 atm).

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Rad amortizera je hidraulički otpor ili plin otpor. Ulje djeluje kao tekućina. Postoje vrste stalci u kojoj je, osim ulja, otpor daje cijeđenje i tlačna plin.

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Amortizer sebi uvjetno je podijeljen u klipa i cilindra. Unutar cilindra, ovisno o modifikaciji, su komore - ili s plinom i maslaca ili zrakom i uljem. U oba slučaja, klip ide u cilindru, pada i diže. U drugom slučaju, klip se opire pritisak generira tlačne komore plina. U prvom - klipni kreće s otporom, koji se javlja kao posljedica protoka nafte pomoću ventila u drugu komoru.

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Provjera amortizer, je li moguće podijeliti na tijelo, moderan auto, provjerite snagu amortizera

Ranije, na starim modelima klasičnih automobila s prošlih tipova i modela amortizera je mogućnost servisiranja polica može se odrediti vrlo jednostavan - uz pomoć gomile tijela. Kompleks dizajn moderne automobilske suspenzije ne dopušta vizualno napraviti objektivne zaključke o pomoći amortizera. Međutim, postoji mnogo drugih učinkovitih metoda koje ćemo razmotriti u nastavku.

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Amortizer ne djelo koje nevolje ugroziti automobil i vozača ako je amortizer nije uspio

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Glavna smetnja od amortizera je promjena u njihovim radnim parametrima, koji nastaje kao posljedica poremećaja u nepropusnost, mehanička oštećenja ili istrošenosti radnih elemenata (matičnih) od amortizera.

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Kvar na amortizera dovodi do sljedećih posljedica:

  1. Povreda automobila upravljivosti. Sjeti se izraz „Nisam se nosi s kontrolom ...”. Neki vozači ponekad iznenadi - dobro, kako ga mogu nositi s njim? U stvari, sve je jednostavno: kada se okreće rotacija na brzinu, a neispravni amortizeri napravio automobil spontano kreće hrpu metala.
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  2. Smanjenje nosivost.
  3. Smanjena nastavni stabilnost vozila.
  4. Povećanje put kočenja, rizik od „skrbi” na stranu sa ekstremnim ili srednje kočenja.
  5. Ubrzanje trošenja i kvarova takvih komponenti ovjesa, kao nosača police, izvora, tihe blokova, Hub ležajeva, shruches, i tako dalje.
  6. Pogoršanje udobnosti vožnje.

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Provjera amortizer, kako provjeriti pomoć amortizera sa svojim vlastitim snagama bez rastavljanja amortizer

Vrlo je važno da se ova metoda može provjeriti samo pomoć amortizera, a ne njegovu učinkovitost. Korespondencija polica tehničkim karakteristikama proizvođača je zasebna razgovor.

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Možete neovisno provjeriti pomoć amortizera bez rastavljanja možete samo vizualno - dijagnosticirati prisutnost mehaničkih oštećenja (na primjer udubljenja) i dobrotu nepropusnost.

Ako se curi ulje i mrlje vidjeti na kućište amortizera, odmah izvući zaključak da su brtve istroše, što ukazuje na nastanak amortizera.

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Ljudi postoji mišljenje da je ulje „magla” na slučaju je kvar, ali to nije. Kada je amortizer radi, ova tikvica smatra normalna pojava.

Pri obavljanju dijagnozu amortizera, nakon što je demontaža, potrebno je obratiti posebnu pozornost na štapu - to ne bi trebao biti jakne, tragovi korozije A, posebno deformacije.

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Kako provjeriti amortizer na performanse korištenjem uređaja sa senzorom pokreta

Ovaj uređaj je „ručno”. To je priključen na krilo automobila, a senzor je stavio na zemlju. Tijelo naborano informacije proizvoditi. U isto vrijeme, tvornica parametri su uvedeni u uređaj, što su brzina amortizera. Performanse police se dijagnosticira kod postotni udio.

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Šok Test (šok-test) Dijagnostika amortizera

Šok Test proizvedena na posebnom postolju. Kotači osi trebao biti podizanje i pad oštro. Računalo bilježi koeficijent slabljenja rack oscilacija.

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Express dijagnostika amortizera

Express dijagnostika pruža oštru kočenje. To se provodi na stalku s posebnim platformama. U isto vrijeme, kočioni sustav provjerava. Automobil mora ući u platformu i kočnicu oštro. Oscilacije karoserije su fiksne, kao i opterećenja na senzorima platforme. Iako je točnost ove metode ostavlja puno da se željeni.

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Provjera opterećenje amortizera amplitude-rezonantne način

Provjera amortizeri amplitude-rezonantne metoda se temelji na analizi amplitude (to jest, vrijednost pokreta) platforme s kotača vozila montirana na njega. Platforma je izvijestio oscilacije čija je frekvencija oko 16 Hz. Kao što se podaci oslabljena, oscilacije događa rezonanciju - povećanje amplitude oscilacija, kada je frekvencija fluktuacije platforme i vlastite frekvencije suspenzije vozila. Veće vrijednosti amplituda doseže, što je još gore gasi oscilacija amortizera. Dalje, stalak uspoređuje rezultata mjerenja s referentnim podacima, nakon čega izdaje zaključak o performansama amortizera.

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Novi amortizeri, kako provjeriti amortizer na mjestu kupnje od prodavatelja

  1. Vanjska, vizualni pregled. Provjerite oznaka. Ona mora odgovarati kataloga proizvođača. Dalje, morate provjeriti amortizer za prisutnost raznih mehaničkih oštećenja žlijezda, stanovanje, šipke i tako dalje. Provjerite navojem veze. Naravno, ne bi trebalo biti inkluzije ulja.
  2. Provjera geometrijski sukladnosti. Potreban vam je čeljust i ravnalo. Potrebno je provjeriti duljinu u državi smjene, promjer klipa i klipnjače potez (orijentaciji ili na prijedlog proizvođača, odnosno odstupanja od nominalne vrijednosti - ± 5 mm).
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  3. Provjera uspješnosti amortizera. Pojedinačna cijev se provjerava bez prethodne pripreme. Trebaju biti komprimirani i rastegnuti oko 3-5 puta. Šipka se mora glatko pomicati, bez oštrih udaraca i ometanja, s istim naporom. Osim prirodnog "prijedloga" ne bi trebalo biti stranih škripa i buke, što je rezultat protoka tekućine unutar stalka. Dual-cijev mora biti spremna unaprijed pripremiti - pumpati nekoliko puta (3-5), postavite okomito, nakon čega ne okreće amortizer.

Savjete prof.

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Dijagnosticirajte probleme koji su povezani s radom amortizera šok je vrlo jednostavan - automobil se primjetno trese kad udari u izbočine, čuje se karakteristično tapkanje. Glavni problem povezan s dolaskom ovog uređaja u zapuštenost je da se taj proces događa postupno (iznimka je plinski i uljni amortizeri, koji su zbog svog dizajna, mogu odmah propasti). Dakle, vozač se može prilagoditi takvom ponašanju stroja i ne žuriti za popravak. Međutim, u međuvremenu, trošenje guma i staza kočenja se povećava, upravljač je gori. Možda vam se čini da su to male stvari, ali s druge strane, u hitnim slučajevima, kvar amortizera može značajno utjecati na njihov ishod.

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Važno je napomenuti da je u prijevozu, koji je opremljen elektroničkim kočnim sustavima (EBD, ABS i tako dalje), neispravni amortizeri šok neće rijetko dovesti do slabosti neuspjeha.

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