Sustavi za ubrizgavanje goriva Auto, svrha, Vrste sustava za ubrizgavanje za benzinske i dizelske motore

Do sada je sustav ubrizgavanja aktivno koristi na benzin i dizel motora. Važno je napomenuti da je za svaku varijantu motora, sličan sustav će se znatno razlikuju. O tome dalje u članku.

Sustav ubrizgavanja, svrha nego benzinski ubrizgavanjem motor sustava razlikuje se od sustava dizelskog ubrizgavanja

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Glavna svrha sustava za ubrizgavanje (drugi naziv je sustav ubrizgavanja) - osiguravanje pravovremene opskrbe gorivom u radnim cilindrima motora.

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U benzinskim motorima, proces ubrizgavanja podržava formiranje smjese goriva i zraka, nakon čega se provodi paljenje pomoću iskre. U dizelskim motorima, dovod goriva se provodi pod visokim tlakom - jedan dio gorivog smjese pomiješa se s komprimiranim zrakom, i gotovo odmah samostalno propagirane.

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Sustav Benzin ubrizgavanje, sustav ubrizgavanja goriva za benzinske motore

davl-Kompres.

sustav ubrizgavanja goriva je sastavni dio sustava TC goriva. Glavni radno tijelo bilo ubrizgavanja sustava je mlaznica. Ovisno o načinu formiranja smjese zraka i goriva, postoje sustavi izravnim ubrizgavanjem, raspoređenih injekcije i središnje injekcije. Sustavi distribuirane i središnje injekcije - sustava prije ubrizgavanja, koji je, injekcija u njima provodi u usisnom razvodniku, ne dopire u komoru za izgaranje.

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Injection sustavi benzinskih motora može imati elektronički ili mehanički upravljač. Elektronička kontrola ubrizgavanja smatra najsavršeniji, koji pruža značajnu uštedu goriva i smanjenje štetnih emisija u atmosferu.

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Ubrizgavanje goriva u sustavu se provodi impulsa (diskretne) ili kontinuirano. S točke gledišta uštedu u perspektivi, ubrizgavanje goriva smatra da se koristi svim modernim sustavima.

U motora, sustav ubrizgavanja obično je povezan sa sustavom paljenja i stvara zajednički paljenja i sustava ubrizgavanja (na primjer, Fenix, Motronic sustava). Sustav kontrole motora omogućuje koordinirano rad sustava.

Injection sustavi benzinskih motora, vrste sustava za ubrizgavanje goriva, prednosti i mane svake vrste benzinskih motora sustava za ubrizgavanje

U benzinskim motorima, sustava za opskrbu kao gorivo koriste - izravnim ubrizgavanjem u kombinaciji ubrizgavanje, raspoređena ubrizgavanje (multipoint), središnji injekcijom (monovosprysk).

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Središnja injekcije. Dotok goriva u ovaj sustav je napravljen pomoću mlaznice za gorivo nalazi se u usisnom razvodniku. A budući da je mlaznica je samo jedan, ovaj sustav se naziva još monofry.

Danas je središnji sustav ubrizgavanja izgubili značaj, tako da nije dostupan u novim modelima automobila, ali u nekim starim vozilima oni još uvijek mogu naći.

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Prednosti monofry su pouzdani i jednostavnost. Do kontra ovog sustava uključuju visoku potrošnju goriva i nisku motora ekologiju. Distributed injekcije. U multipoint sustav za ubrizgavanje, odvojeni dovod goriva je za svaki cilindar, koji je opremljen s individualnim dovodom goriva. TV, uz to, javlja se samo u usisnom razvodniku.

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Do danas, većina benzinski motori opremljeni su sustavom distribuira opskrbu gorivom. Prednosti ovakvog sustava su potrošnja optimalne potrošnje goriva, visoku korisnici okoliša, optimalna potreba za potrošenog goriva.

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Izravno ubrizgavanje. Jedan od najvažnijih sustava progresivnih i savršenih ubrizgavanja. Princip rada ovog sustava zasniva se na ravnoj (izravna) opskrbu gorivom u komoru za izgaranje.

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Sustav izravnu opskrbu gorivom što ga čini moguće dobiti kvalitetnu kompoziciju goriva u svim fazama rada motora za poboljšanje procesa izgaranja goriva montaža, povećanje radne snage motora i smanjiti razinu ispušnih plinova.

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Nedostaci ovog sustava ubrizgavanja su prilično komplicirani dizajn i veći zahtjevi za kvalitetu goriva.

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Kombinirani injekcije. Dva sustava su u kombinaciji u sustav ovog tipa - distribuirati i neposredan injekciju. U pravilu, što se primjenjuje za smanjenje emisije otrovnih komponenti i proveo plinova, s kojima je moguće postići visoke pokazatelje motornih ekologiji.

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Dizelski motori sustavi ubrizgavanja, vrste sustava, prednosti i nedostatke svake vrste sustava za ubrizgavanje dizel goriva

Sljedeći sustavi za ubrizgavanje se koristi na modernim dizelskim motorima - common rail sustav, sustav pumpa-mlaznica, sustav s distribucijskom ili red pumpa za gorivo visokog pritiska (TNVD).

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Najpopularnija i progresivno su pumpe-mlaznice i common rail. TNVD je središnji dio svakog sustava goriva dizelskog motora.
Opskrba smjesi goriva u dizelskim motorima se može izvesti u preliminarnoj komori ili izravno u komoru za izgaranje.

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Trenutno, prednost se daje sustav direktnog ubrizgavanja, koji ima povišenu razinu buke i manje nesmetan rad motora u odnosu na opskrbu idejnog komore, međutim, to je osigurano više važan pokazatelj - učinkovitost.

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Sustav pumpe mlaznica. Ovaj sustav se koristi za životinje, kao i injekcije gorive smjese pod visokim tlakom pumpe mlaznica. Ključno obilježje ovog sustava - u jednom uređaju, dvije funkcije su u kombinaciji - ubrizgavanje i stvaranje pritiska.

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Konstruktivan Nedostatak ovog sustava - pumpa opremljena sa stalnim pogonom od motora bregaste osovine (nije invalide), koji je u stanju dovesti do brzog trošenja sustava. Kao rezultat toga, proizvođači sve više vole Common Rail sustava.

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Ubrizgavanje baterija (zajednička tračnica). Više naprednija zapaljiva smjesa dizajn za razne dizelske motore. U takvom sustavu, gorivo se hrani od rampe do mlaznica za gorivo, koji se također naziva visokotlačna baterija, kao rezultat kojim je sustav formirao drugo ime - ubrizgavanje baterije.

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Zajednički željeznički sustav predviđa sljedeće faze injekcije - preliminarnih, glavnih i dodatnih. To omogućuje smanjenje vibracija i buke motora, čine postupak za samo-paljenje gorivo učinkovitijim, smanjiti štetne emisije.

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zaključci

Za upravljanje sustavima ubrizgavanja na dizelima, predviđena je prisutnost elektroničkih i mehaničkih uređaja. Mehanički sustavi omogućuju kontrolu radni tlak, trenutak i volumen ubrizgavanja goriva. Elektronski sustavi pružaju učinkovitiju kontrolu nad dizelskim motorima općenito.

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