Uređaj i princip rada kvačila, kako kvačilo radi, disk spojke, znakove kvara

Kvačila automobila je jedna od najosnovnijih strukturnih komponenti vozila. Njegova glavna svrha je kratkoročno isključenje motora od prijenosa i njihovog glatke veze jedni s drugima pri prebacivanju prijenosa. Automobilska spojka također štiti komponente prijenosa od preopterećenja. Ovaj strukturni element nalazi se između motora i PPC.

Uređaj za kvačilo, princip kvačila automobila

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elementi spojke:

  1. Primarna osovina PPP-a.
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  2. Motor zamašnjak.
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  3. Utikač za zatvaranje kvačila.
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  4. Carter Checkpoint.
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  5. Pomicanje poluge.
  6. Mjenjač zupčanika.
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  7. Oslobađanje ležaja.
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  8. Tlačni disk.
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  9. Izvori.
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  10. Kućište kvačila.
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  11. Carter kvačila.

Da biste razumjeli svrhu spojke, trebali biste usporediti rad motora s takvim konceptom kao "promet". Ako zamislite da je zamašnjak motora izravno povezan s vodećim mostom vozača, onda kada je motor pokrenut, automobil bi trebao odmah otići. Prema tome, da biste zaustavili automobil, morate utopiti motor. To je za to da je potrebno kvačilo koje vam omogućuje da dobijete energiju iz motora na početku pokreta ili prekinuti ovaj proces za zaustavljanje vožnje.

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Klasična kvačila sastoji se od robova i tlačnih diskova, kao i pogon koji ih čini da se pritisne ili odvajaju jedni s drugima. Ovaj dizajn je sadržan u kućištu, koji je čvrsto pričvršćen na zamašnjak radilice. Namjena Disk je prilično masivan i čvrsto pričvršćen za kućište. Važno je napomenuti da je rob disk mnogo tanji i nalazi se na utorima glavne (primarne) osovine mačaka automobila. Utori su odgovorni za pružanje svoje mobilnosti duž osi vratima, kao i za kruti kuku s osovinom. Što se tiče tlačnog diska, nema takav kuku s mjenjačem.

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U standardnom radnom položaju, disk tlaka i pogonjeni su međusobno koristeći snažne opruge kroz poluge i glazura. Prema tome, kao rezultat frikcijskog sile između tih diskova, moment se prenosi na primarnu osovinu kontrolne točke od zamašnjak. Ako se tlačni disk iz robova, okretni moment je prekinut od motora i prestanak rotacije robnog diska s osovinom.

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Isključivanje diskova je napravljen pomoću spojke koji podsjeća na dječje ljuljačke s vlastitom vrstom. Fork se aktivira lanac poluga i papučice spojke, koji se nalazi u kokpitu.

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Prije pokretanja motora, vozač pritisne papučicu spojke, djeluje na plug strane vuče i prisiljavajući svoje suprotne krajeve da se presele u odnosu na centar u suprotnim stranama. Kraj utikača stavlja pritisak na ležaj oslobađanja, koji kroz poluge čini izvore koji imaju pritisak na disk tlaka. Potonji je odvojen od podređenog diska, koji prekida prijenos okretnog momenta. Kao rezultat toga, kada je papučica spojke stisnuta i motor radi, samo se zamašnjak okreće. Da biste počeli kretati, potrebno je glatko osloboditi kvačilo, zbog čega će čep prestati dati svoj učinak na tlačni ležaj, koji će se, zauzvrat omekšati pritisak na poluge. Tada će se izvori početi stisnuti, kao posljedica kojih će se dodati diskovi od robova i tlaka. Budući da je podređeni pogon čvrsto pričvršćen na utore primarne osovine mjenjača, okretni moment iz motora bit će prenesen na prijenos pogonskih kotača i vozilo će se početi kretati.

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Valja napomenuti da postoje dvije vrste pogona kvačila - hidraulički i mehanički. Mehanička verzija je najlakše u radu kvačila automobila. U ovom slučaju, vozač, pritiskom na papučicu, utječe na prianjanje vilifikacije pomoću potiska i kabela. Hidraulična opcija osigurava klip tekućinom. Najčešće se koristi na teškim kamionima kako bi se olakšalo vozačev rad.

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Kakav zahvat na autu, klasifikacija spojki za osobna i teretna vozila

Ovisno o dizajnu kvačila, postoje takve vrste - elektromagnetska, trenja i hidraulika.

Varijanta kvačila trenja obavlja prijenos okretnog momenta koristeći frikcijsku silu. Prianjanje elektromagnetske vrste kontrolira magnetsko polje. U hidrauličkoj izvedbi, komunikacija je opremljena tekućinom.

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Vrsta trenja kvačila je najčešća. Ovisno o broju diskova, razlikuju se takve vrste spojke trenja - višestruki, jednodijelni i dva diska.

davl-Kompres.

Spojka je mokra i suha. U suhom spojki pretpostavlja se da radi diskove u suhom trenjem. Mokro spojka uključuje rad diskova u tekućini.

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U pravilu, moderni automobili su opremljeni suhim kvačilom od jedne veličine. Sve komponente kvačila nalaze se u kućištu radilice, koje su pričvršćene na motor s vijcima.

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Hidraulična spojka. Hydromefta, gdje se vrši prijenos rotacijskog trenutka od strane hidrodinamičkog pritiska fluida koji cirkulira između vodećih i pratećeg komponente, naziva hidrauličke spojke.

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Hydromefta se ne odnosi na vozila kao samostalni spojkom, jer nije u stanju pružiti apsolutnu shutdown, što znatno otežava ručica mjenjača. Kao rezultat toga, prilikom primjene hydrumufts, tarni spojka je instaliran s njim, koji je namijenjen samo za prebacivanje stupnja prijenosa. U isto vrijeme, mekši i plastične opruge tlaka montiran u tarnom spojkom, što ga čini lakšim za isključivanje spojke.

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Elektromagnetsko hvat. Stisak se smatra elektromagnetski ako je kompresija od vodećih i podređenog elemenata vrši se pomoću elektromagnetskih sila. Elektromagnetska spojka je stalno u otvorenom stanju.

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Teretni i putnički automobili sa snažnim motorom opremljeni su dva diska spojke, koja, uz stalnu veličinu, prenosi znatno veći okretni moment, a također pruža mnogo veći građevinski resurs. To se postiže kroz upotrebu dvaju robova diskova, u sredini kojeg se nalazi. Kao rezultat, dobiju se četiri površine trenja.

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kvarovi spojka, znaci kvar spojke

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  1. Spojka nije u potpunosti inkorporiran ( „troškovi”) kao rezultat brušenja ili trošenje predenje jastučići robljem disk, raščlambu izvora, nezadovoljavajuće amplitude pritiska na pedalu. Da biste uklonili tu kvar, zamijeniti rob disk, izvadite diskove na diskovima, promijenite neispravne pogona čvorova.
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  2. Spojka nije u potpunosti isključuje ( „vodi”) kao rezultat prilično velik slobodan spojka radi, vrela slom, upozorenje na Slave disk ili nesukladne pozicioniranje diska tlaka. Da biste uklonili ovaj kvar spojke, zrak treba ukloniti iz hidrauličkog pogona, podesite slobodni hod papučice, zamijeniti neradni diskove i opruge.
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  3. Kočiona tekućina je pogodan za kvačila isključivanja pogona, što je više moguće od glavnih i radnih cilindara, kao i spojnih cijevi. Kako otkloniti kvar, vizualno naći propuštanja mjesto i promijeniti novim neispravnih čvorova, zatim u potpunosti pumpa hidraulični uređaj.
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Savjet Profi, kako spriječiti kvar spojke

Da biste spriječili greške spojke gore objašnjeno, to je dovoljno da se pridržavaju jednostavnih pravila rada. Kad je spojka radi, potrebno je povremeno provjeriti razinu tekućine za kočnice u spremniku. Ako je razina ispod norme, budite sigurni da ga vratiti.

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Snižena razina tekućine ili nepravilnog podešavanja spojke kočnice može dovesti do činjenice da je prijenos na vaš auto će biti teško uključiti ili zaustaviti ugraditi na sve. Kada se kreće, vozač mora stalno stiskati i otpustite papučicu spojke, koja prisiljava površinu rob disk s velikom moći trljati o disku tlaka i zamašnjak, kao rezultat koji, naravno, s vremenom, bočne plohe pomoćne disk istrošiti. To je običan proces, koji je predviđeno dizajnu automobila. Svaki stroj zahtijeva pažnju na sebe. U prosjeku, uz pravilan rad spojke, zamjena gonjeni disku je potrebno, nakon 80.000 kilometara vožnje.

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