Katalizator je postignut, znakovi postignutog katalizatora, kako provjeriti katalizator, koji može dovesti do rada neispravnog katalizatora

Danas je sve više automobila opremljeno katalitičkim neutralizatorom. S jedne strane, ugradnja katalizatora na vozilu stvarno pomaže u smanjenju štetnih emisija zbog određenih kemijskih reakcija koje podijeli destruktivne tvari za sigurno. Međutim, s druge strane, katalizator je prilično hirovita stvar, a njegov neuspjeh je u stanju značajno okrenuti živce vlasnika automobila. O tome dalje u članku.

Katalizator, zašto je stavio, uređaj i sastanak

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Katalizator je važan čvor ispušnog sustava, koji je dizajniran za čišćenje ispušnih plinova ispušnog vozila iz elemenata štetnih za ljudsko zdravlje i atmosferski (ugljični monoksid, skupina ugljikovodika, dušikovih oksida). Posebno prskanje se primjenjuje na brojne stanice, koje obavljaju ključnu funkciju "čišćenja" ispušnih plinova.

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Kemijska reakcija ispušnih plinova u procesu interakcije s platinumiridijskom sloju podrazumijeva zagrijavanje katalizatora. Kao rezultat toga, štetni elementi koji nisu imali vremena za spaljivanje odnose se na grijanu površinu i potpuno spaljeni. Kada se izgasi, ostatak kisika aktivira, koji ostaje u ispušnim plinovima nakon komore za izgaranje. S katalizatora, s bezopasnim elementima - N2 i CO2.

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Važno stanje koje osigurava performanse katalizatora je postizanje visokih temperatura. Zbog toga je uređaj montiran u neposrednoj blizini snage.

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Po prvi put, katalizatori su primijenjeni u sedamdesetim godinama prošlog stoljeća, unatoč činjenici da su razvili uređaj dvadeset godina ranije. Tijekom godina uporabe poboljšani su katalitički neutralizatori i danas su visokokvalitetni uređaji koji su izrađeni od najboljih izvora sirovina. Odluka o provedbi ovog uređaja postala je odlučujući trenutak u ekologiji i omogućila je smanjenje negativnog utjecaja na okoliš.

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Konstrukt katalizatora uključuje tri glavna elementa - kućište (dio tijela), nosač bloka, toplinske izolacije. Glavni element katalizatora je nosač blok koji je osnova proizvoda.

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Konstruktivno blok se izrađuje s keramičkom vatrostalnom podlogom. To uključuje masu različitih stanica-stanica, što povećava ukupnu zonu kontakta s ispušnim plinovima ispušnog vozila. Na stanicu se primjenjuje posebna tvar koja obavlja funkciju katalizatora.

Uloga tih tvari provodi se popularnim kemijskim elementima:

  1. Rhodium - katalizator oporavka, čija je svrha restauracija NOx i njegovu transformaciju u redoviti dušik.
  2. Platinum i paladij su oksidativni katalizatori čiji je zadatak ubrzati postupak za oksidaciju kratkotrajnih ugljikovodika, kao i njihovu transformaciju u paru i CO (ugljični monoksid) u jednostavan ugljični dioksid.
Unutar neispravnog katalizatora.
Unutar neispravnog katalizatora

Takav uređaj se naziva tri komponenta. Blok nosač proizvoda nalazi se u metalnom slučaju s obveznim slojem tvari za toplinsku izolacijsku tvar. Osim toga, senzor kisika nalazi se u neutraliziranom kućištu (lambda sonda). Osnovni uvjet za optimalno djelovanje katalizatora je postizanje temperature od 300 stupnjeva Celzija. Visokokvalitetno grijanje omogućuje održavanje do 90 posto štetnih elemenata. Također možete ubrzati postupak za postizanje radne temperature:

  1. S obogaćivanjem smjese goriva.
  2. S instalacijom neutralizatora odmah nakon proizvođača otpuštanja.

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Postignut katalizator, znakovi i simptomi

  1. Ako je katalizator potpuno začepljen, automobil će početi i odmah stvari uopće, što ukazuje na apsolutno kvar katalizatora. Da biste riješili problem, trebali biste odvrnuti prvi senzor kisika, koji stoji ispred katalizatora. Zatim morate pokrenuti motor ako postane - to znači da katalizator nije uspio, koji mora biti ili zamijenjen ili izbaciti. Međutim, kada kucate, trebali biste oblikovati računalo ili instalirati emulator umjesto drugog senzora kisika, inače će se "ček" stalno izgorjeti.

    Provjera katalizatora
    Provjera katalizatora
  2. Automobil je znatno lošiji ubrzava i dobiva zamah. Tijekom klikanje na pedalu za plin postoji osjećaj da netko drži automobil za stražnji odbojnik. To su očite znakovi postignutog katalizatora, ali ne i potpuno, ali samo djelomično.
  3. Potrošnja goriva se povećava, ali ovaj simptom treba uzeti u obzir samo s "glupošću" vozila. " To jest, ako je automobil "tupit", a potrošnja goriva, u isto vrijeme, povećana, moguće je da je cilijar katalizator krivac.
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  4. Lamp "Provjeri motor" opekline na ploči s instrumentima. U tom slučaju, skener u dijagnostici će pokazati pogrešku P0420 - to jest, niska učinkovitost. Međutim, to ne znači uvijek kvar katalizatora, može postojati konvencionalni usis zraka u ispušnom sustavu.

Katalizator je uništen, znakovi i simptomi

  1. Prvi znak uništenog, rastopljenog ili postignutog katalizatora je tlak (stupanj) ispušnog plina iz stražnjeg dijela prigušivača. Ovdje se vaš katalizator može razumjeti ili začepkati, jer kada je katalizator začepljen, ispušni plinovi jedva će izaći iz cijevi, a s uništenim - boja ispušnih plinova će se vratiti, a miris je kaustičan.
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  2. Drugi, češći simptom - iznenada i nema razumno povećane potrošnje goriva (uzimajući u obzir visoko kvalitetno gorivo i dobar motor). Sve se to objašnjava vrlo jednostavno - neispravan katalizator ne podržava normalnu temperaturu ispušnih plinova (optimalna temperatura Euro-4 norme Euro-4 je 350-750 stupnjeva) i sustav ubrizgavanja koristeći lambda sondu (Senzor kisika) automatski povećava dovod goriva za gorivo povećava temperaturu, ali benzin ulazi u cijev, a temperatura se ne povećava.
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  3. Drugi, ne manje uobičajeni simptom uništenog katalizatora - pojava u ispušnom sustavu metalnog zvuka kada je jeftinija fugazina ili ubrzanja. Ovo iritantno zvonjenje dolazi iz sekundarnog katalizatora ili iz kolektora (ovisno o njihovoj prisutnosti u vašem automobilu). Promiče to zvonjenje i ding - ili oronuo katalizator ili potpuno postignutu jedinicu za neutralizaciju koja se pomaknula s odredišnog mjesta.

Katalizator 2110, 2114, Kalina, Ford Focus - Katalizatorski simptomi kvara

Razmotrite različite modele automobila koji su opremljeni ovim uređajem kako bi se točnije odredili simptome postignutog katalizatora. I počnimo s modelima domaćeg proizvođača - "Kalina", VAZ 2110, 2114.

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Tako, osim činjenice da je automobil "tupita" na niskim rev-ima, a ubrzanje se događa polako, kao posljedica kvara katalizatora ispod automobila, može se pojaviti čudan zvuk, mali rušinik se ulije u tijelo katalitičkog neutralizatora. Ovaj zvuk jasno signalizira da se dogodilo mehaničko uništenje bobina, kao rezultat toga je odbijen u male dijelove.

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Što se tiče stranih automobila, na primjer, Ford Focus, onda simptomi postignutog katalizatora apsolutno su identični Vaz automobilima - nestabilnom radu motora, gubitak snage, buku u kućištu.

Problem sustava paljenja i prehrane - uzroci izlaza kvara katalizatora

Općenito, kako bi se otkrio taljenje ili katalizator na vaz u nekim slučajevima je prilično teško, jer se ti simptomi mogu pojaviti kao rezultat problema s drugim elementima automobila - sustav paljenja, elektroenergetskim sustavom, senzorima.

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Ovdje bi trebalo reći da problemi s sustavima paljenja i prehrane također mogu uzrokovati lom katalizatora. Preskakanje paljenja, nepravilno stvaranje miješanja, loša kvaliteta goriva su sposobna dovesti do činjenice da će gorivo biti potpuno izgorjelo, a rezultat toga će biti značajna količina čađe u ispušnim plinovima. Kao rezultat - brzo začepljenje bobina s vjerojatnim naknadnim taljenjem.

Katalizator je oštećen, prijetnja automobila tijekom rada

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Ako je katalizator samo začepljen čađom, još uvijek ima priliku za čišćenje. Međutim, ako ne reagirate na probleme koji su nastali, u najboljem slučaju, ili vozilo ne počinje, ili će motor početi, ali odmah zaustavlja. Mnogo gore, ako je kao rezultat čađe, bio je izbjeglica Bobbin, jer to ne bi bilo moguće vratiti. Najgora opcija je mehaničko uništenje elementa. Čestice stanica su sposobne značajno ometati ispuh na katalizatoru.

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Kao rezultat toga, moguće je da će se dio plinova vratiti natrag na cilindre, pa čak i uz dodatak keramike. I strani objekti u cilindrima, čak i najmanji, mogu oštetiti cilindarsku skupinu klip, koja će dovesti do potrebe za velikim popravcima.

SAVJETI PROS: visoko kvalitetno gorivo, pravovremenu dijagnozu kako bi se proširio život katalizatora

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Posljedice neispravnog katalizatora

Međutim, ne bi trebalo uvijek biti "grešne" katalitičkom neutralizatoru - to može biti samo posljedica činjenice da jedan od auto sustava radi pogrešno ili u vozilo natočio je loše kvalitetno gorivo s velikim brojem aditiva.

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To je razlog zašto čak i uz najmanji pad energije, potrebno je dijagnosticirati performanse sustava paljenja i prehrane što je brže moguće, kao i procjenu statusa svih senzora, a tek tada provjeriti katalizator.

Bobini su se rastopili, bilo da je potrebno promijeniti katalizator ili staviti avion senzor, zašto

Kao što je već spomenuto, prilikom postavljanja bobina, neće ga biti moguće vratiti. U tom slučaju, vratite performanse motora pomoći će ili zamjenjivati \u200b\u200bkatalizator ili ga ukloniti i instalaciju senzora ravnina.

Komentari

  1. Eugene kaže:

    Može li se smrad pojaviti s neispravnog katalizatora u kabini jake plastike za rešetke? Čak iu Toyoti, Centar nije pomogao. Zamišlja nemoguće voziti. Ovo nije ožičenje i bez ulja na Glushaku