Bränsleinsprutningssystem Auto, syfte, typer av injektionssystem för bensin och dieselmotorer

Hittills används injektionssystemet aktivt på bensin och dieselmotor. Det är värt att notera att för varje variation av motorn kommer ett liknande system att skilja sig avsevärt. Om detta vidare i artikeln.

Injektionssystem, syfte än ett bensinmotorinsprutningssystem skiljer sig från ett dieselinsprutningssystem

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Huvudsyftet med injektionssystemet (ett annat namn är ett injektionssystem) - vilket säkerställer det aktuella utbudet av bränsle i motorens arbetscylindrar.

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I bensinmotorer stöder injektionsprocessen bildandet av en luftbränsleblandning, varefter dess tändning utförs med användning av gnistan. I dieselmotorer utförs bränsletillförseln under högt tryck - en del av den brännbara blandningen kombineras med tryckluft och nästan omedelbart självpropagerad.

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Bensininjektionssystem, bränsleinsprutningssystem för bensinmotorer

davl-Kompres.

Bränsleinsprutningssystem är en integrerad del av TC-bränslesystemet. Den huvudsakliga arbetsgruppen för något injektionssystem är ett munstycke. Beroende på form för bildning av en luftbränsleblandning finns det system för direkt injektion, fördelad injektion och central injektion. System för distribuerad och central injektion - förinsprutningssystem, det vill säga injektion i dem utförs i inloppsröret, inte når förbränningskammaren.

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Injektionssystem av bensinmotorer kan ha elektronisk eller mekanisk kontroll. Elektronisk injektionskontroll anses vara den mest perfekta, vilket ger betydande bränsleekonomi och minskar skadliga utsläpp i atmosfären.

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Bränsleinsprutningen i systemet utförs impuls (diskret) eller kontinuerligt. Ur beslutssperspektivet anses en bränsleinsprutning användas av alla moderna system.

I motorn är injektionssystemet vanligtvis anslutet till tändsystemet och skapar ett kombinerat tändnings- och injektionssystem (till exempel Fenix, Motronic-system). Motorstyrsystemet ger samordnad systemoperation.

Injektionssystem av bensinmotorer, typer av bränsleinsprutningssystem, fördelar och nackdelar med varje typ av bensinmotorer Injektionssystem

I bensinmotorer används sådana bränsleförsörjningssystem - direkt injektion, kombinerad injektion, distribuerad injektion (multipunkt), central injektion (Monovosprysk).

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Central injektion. Bränsletillförseln i detta system görs med hjälp av en bränsleinjektor som är belägen i inloppsröret. Och eftersom munstycket är bara ett, kallas detta system en annan monfram.

Idag har det centrala injektionssystemet förlorat sin relevans, så de finns inte i bilens nya modeller, men i vissa gamla fordon kan de fortfarande hittas.

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Fördelarna med monfrugin är pålitlig och enkelhet. Med nackdelar med detta system inkluderar hög bränsleförbrukning och lågmotorekologi. Distribuerad injektion. I multipointinjektionssystemet är en separat bränsleförsörjning anordnad för varje cylinder, som är utrustad med ett individuellt bränsleinlopp. TV, med detta, förekommer endast i inloppsgrenröret.

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Hittills är de flesta bensinmotorer utrustade med ett system med distribuerad bränsleförsörjning. Fördelarna med ett sådant system är den optimala bränsleförbrukningen, hög miljövänlighet, optimalt behov av bränsleförbrukning.

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Direkt injektion. Ett av de mest progressiva och perfekta injektionssystemen. Principen om drift av detta system är baserat på en rak (direkt) tillförsel av bränsle till förbränningskammaren.

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Det direkta bränsleförsörjningssystemet gör det möjligt att erhålla en högkvalitativ komposition av bränsle i alla steg i motoroperationen för att förbättra förbränningsprocessen av bränslepatron, öka motorns driftkraft och minska nivån av avgaser.

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Nackdelarna med detta injektionssystem är en ganska komplicerad design och större krav på bränslekvalitet.

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Kombinerad injektion. Två system kombineras i systemet för denna typ - distribuerad och omedelbar injektion. I regel tillämpas det för att minska utsläppen av toxiska komponenter och förbrukade gaser, med vilka det är möjligt att uppnå högmotorekologiindikatorer.

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Dieselmotorer Injektionssystem, typer av system, fördelar och nackdelar med varje typ av dieselbränsleinsprutningssystem

Följande injektionssystem används på moderna dieselmotorer - det gemensamma järnvägssystemet, systemet med pumpmunstycke, ett system med en distributions- eller radbränslepump med högt tryck (TNVD).

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De mest populära och progressiva är pumpar-munstyckena och vanliga järnväg. TNVD är den centrala delen av något bränslesystem av dieselmotor.
Tillförseln av bränsleblandning i dieselmotorer kan utföras i den preliminära kammaren eller direkt i förbränningskammaren.

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För närvarande ges en preferens till ett direktinsprutningssystem, som har en ökad ljudnivå och mindre smidig drift av motorn i jämförelse med utbudet till den preliminära kammaren säkerställs emellertid det mer viktigt indikeringseffektivitet.

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Systempumpmunstycke. Detta system används för att mata, såväl som injektionen av en brännbar blandning under högtryckspumpdysor. Ett viktigt inslag i detta system - i en enhet är två funktioner kombinerade - injektions- och tryckskapande.

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Den konstruktiva nackdelen med detta system - Pumpen är utrustad med en konstant körning från motorskamaxeln (ej inaktiverad), som kan leda till snabbsystems slitage. Som ett resultat föredrar tillverkare alltmer gemensamma järnvägssystem.

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Batteriinjektion (gemensam järnväg). Mer avancerad brännbar blandning design för en mängd olika dieselmotorer. I ett sådant system matas bränsle från rampen till bränsleinsprutare, som också kallas ett högtrycksbatteri, vilket resulterar i vilket systemet bildade ett annat namn - batteriinsprutningen.

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Det gemensamma järnvägssystemet innehåller följande steg i injektion - preliminära, huvud och ytterligare. Detta gör det möjligt att minska motorns vibrationer och buller, göra förfarandet för självständighetsbränsle effektivare, minska skadliga utsläpp.

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Slutsatser

För att hantera injektionssystem på dieselms planeras närvaron av elektroniska och mekaniska anordningar. Mekaniska system gör det möjligt att styra arbetstrycket, ögonblicket och volymen av bränsleinsprutningen. Elektroniska system ger effektivare kontroll av dieselmotorer i allmänhet.

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