Minyak transmisi apa yang lebih baik, kriteria seleksi

Kendaraan ini adalah perangkat yang agak kompleks, desain yang mencakup massa berbagai mekanisme dan elemen. Dalam perjalanan kerja, semua komponennya berinteraksi satu sama lain, itulah sebabnya gesekan muncul. Durasi proses ini, seiring waktu, mampu menyebabkan kerusakan pada komponen dari node yang sama, oleh karena itu, untuk menghindari skenario seperti itu, berbagai pelumas digunakan dalam node mekanik. Komposisi ini termasuk minyak transmisi, terutama digunakan untuk melumasi elemen-elemen transmisi mobil dan mekanisme kemudi. Tentang ini lebih lanjut dalam artikel.

Minyak transmisi, aplikasi, persyaratan mana yang dikenakan pada minyak transmisi

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Minyak transmisi digunakan dalam node kendaraan berikut:

  1. Transfer case.
  2. Penularan.
  3. Jembatan utama dan menengah.
  4. Racre dan cacing roda kemudi.

Minyak transmisi dirancang untuk melakukan fungsi-fungsi berikut:

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  1. Toping panas dari permukaan gesekan.
  2. Cegah depresiasi permukaan gesekan dan mengurangi kehilangan gesekan.
  3. Mengurangi beban kejutan pada roda gigi, kebisingan, dan getaran.
  4. Perlindungan terhadap korosi dan penghapusan produk pakai dari area gesekan.

Persyaratan berikut disajikan pada minyak transmisi:

  1. Kekurangan.
  2. Bahaya kebakaran rendah.
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  3. Sifat antipaic optimal.
  4. Stabilitas saat menerapkan dan disimpan.
  5. Sifat pelumas yang baik yang tidak menghancurkan produk karet dan tidak menyebabkan korosi.
  6. Suhu buram rendah.
  7. Suhu yang baik dan karakteristik kental.

Apa kriteria utama untuk memilih minyak transmisi

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Minyak transmisi, pertama-tama, diklasifikasikan dengan level viskositas (SAE). Selain itu, tingkat kepatuhan dengan kondisi di mana kendaraan dioperasikan (oleh APL) memiliki sangat penting.

Minyak transmisi SAE dibagi menjadi tiga kategori:

  1. Minyak transmisi sepanjang musim (80W-140, 75W-90).
  2. Minyak transmisi musim panas (250W, 140W, 90W, 85W, 80W).
  3. Minyak transmisi musim dingin (85W, 80W, 75W, 70W).

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Menurut APL, minyak transmisi dibagi menjadi tujuh kelompok, tetapi yang paling umum adalah sebagai berikut:

  1. GL-4 - sangat cocok jika transmisi dioperasikan dalam kondisi beban kecil.
  2. GL-5 - dimaksudkan hanya untuk kondisi operasi transmisi yang kaku.

Minyak transmisi mineral, martabat dan kerugian

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Keuntungan dari Minyak Transmisi Mineral:

  1. Efisiensi.
  2. Kelarutan tinggi.
  3. Biaya rendah.
  4. Perlindungan terhadap penampilan produk lacquer.

Kurangnya minyak transmisi mineral tebal pada suhu rendah.

Minyak transmisi sintetis, martabat dan kerugian

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Manfaat Minyak Transmisi Sintetis:

  1. Stabilitas hidrolitik.
  2. Rentang suhu operasi yang optimal.
  3. Menghemat fluiditas pada suhu rendah.
  4. Indeks viskositas tinggi.
  5. Stabilitas hidrolitik.

Kerugian dari minyak transmisi sintetis:

  1. Di sebelah penampilan produk lacquer samping.
  2. Kelarutan aditif rendah.
  3. Biaya yang relatif tinggi.

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Viskositas minyak transmisi, peran viskositas minyak pada mode suhu yang berbeda

Viskositas optimal dari minyak transmisi mempengaruhi kemampuannya untuk terus menerus dan tanpa gangguan melumasi permukaan mekanisme, serta lokasi elemen satu sama lain. Ini adalah karakteristik teknis dari transmisi, karena beban pada gigi dan kecepatan slip menentukan apakah cairan viskositas harus diterapkan. Memang, dalam kondisi peningkatan viskositas, sifat minyak pelumas dapat memburuk. Juga viskositas mempengaruhi masa pakai elemen - minyak dengan viskositas yang diperlukan secara signifikan memperpanjang hidup mereka.

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Minyak dengan karakteristik viskositas yang diperlukan memberikan kemungkinan kendaraan untuk menyentuh dari tempat pada suhu udara rendah, dapat mengurangi kerugian hidrolik, mengurangi konsumsi bahan bakar dan meningkatkan efisiensi transmisi. Jika viskositas minyak tidak cocok, maka kerusakan rincian kopling dan gearbox dimungkinkan.

Suhu beku minyak transmisi

Suhu kesederhanaan minyak transmisi adalah suhu, di mana minyak sebenarnya benar-benar kehilangan mobilitas (fluiditas). Sebagai aturan, minyak transmisi musim panas dibekukan pada suhu -5 derajat Celcius, dan musim dingin - pada 20 derajat.

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Kelas minyak transmisi

Hingga saat ini, ada sejumlah klasifikasi minyak transmisi di luar negeri. Yang paling terkenal dari mereka adalah API dan SAE. Di negara kita, untuk pemisahan kelompok operasional dan kelas viskositas, serta untuk menetapkan penunjukan standar, GOST-17479.2-85 digunakan. Di bawah standar ini, minyak transmisi tergantung pada nilai viskositas di bawah suhu 100 derajat Celcius dibagi menjadi 4 kelas - 9, 12, 18, 34, dan sesuai dengan kemungkinan bidang penggunaan dan tingkat properti operasional - dengan 5 kelompok: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5.

Apa minyak transmisi pada penandaan API cocok untuk sebagian besar mobil

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API menandai canggih adalah kelas-kelas berikut - GL4 dan GL5. Ini disajikan persyaratan ketat untuk anti-aus dan sifat antisung. Untuk mobil modern, perlu untuk mengisi cairan transmisi dengan tanda setidaknya GL4, dan untuk mobil asing terbaru - GL5.

Minyak transmisi untuk transmisi otomatis, apakah cocok untuk transmisi manual

Minyak untuk transmisi otomatis sangat berbeda dari minyak untuk "mekanika", karena mereka disajikan dengan persyaratan khusus untuk berbusa dan viskositas. Yang paling penting adalah berbusa. Minyak untuk "Automata", berbeda dengan "mekanik," tidak memiliki standar internasional yang kompleks. Produsen otomotif terkemuka telah mengembangkan persyaratan dan klasifikasi mereka sendiri. Selain itu, ATF (minyak untuk transmisi otomatis) memiliki satu fitur. Untuk tidak sengaja tidak menerapkannya pada "mekanika", di mana mereka pada prinsipnya tidak dimaksudkan, mereka secara khusus mewarnai dengan warna yang nyata, sebagai aturan, merah.

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Tips Prof.

Untuk memberikan preferensi pada satu atau minyak transmisi lain mengikuti dari dokumen teknis ke mobil. Perlu dicatat bahwa pada banyak mobil periode untuk mengganti minyak di gearbox sama dengan kehidupan unit daya terbanyak itu sendiri. Tetapi, diinginkan untuk mengubah minyak transmisi setidaknya setiap 5-6 tahun sekali.

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