Sebuah katalis dicetak, tanda-tanda katalis skor, bagaimana memeriksa katalis, yang dapat menyebabkan pengoperasian katalis yang salah

Saat ini, semakin banyak mobil dilengkapi dengan penetral katalitik. Di satu sisi, instalasi katalis pada kendaraan benar-benar membantu mengurangi emisi berbahaya karena reaksi kimia tertentu yang membagi zat-zat yang merusak untuk aman. Namun, di sisi lain, katalis adalah hal yang agak berubah-ubah, dan kegagalannya mampu mengubah saraf pemilik mobil secara signifikan. Tentang ini lebih lanjut dalam artikel.

Katalis, mengapa itu menempatkan, perangkat, dan janji temu

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Katalis adalah simpul penting dari sistem pembuangan, yang dirancang untuk membersihkan gas buang kendaraan knalpot dari elemen yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia dan atmosfer (karbon monoksida, kelompok hidrokarbon, nitrogen oksida). Penyemprotan khusus diterapkan pada banyak sel, yang melakukan fungsi utama knalpot "pembersihan".

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Reaksi kimia gas buang dalam proses interaksi dengan lapisan platinumiridium mensyaratkan pemanasan katalis. Akibatnya, elemen berbahaya yang tidak punya waktu untuk membakar berhubungan dengan permukaan yang dipanaskan dan benar-benar terbakar. Ketika pembakaran, bagian residu oksigen diaktifkan, yang tetap dalam gas buang setelah ruang bakar. Dari katalis, dengan elemen yang tidak berbahaya - N2 dan CO2.

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Kondisi penting yang memastikan kinerja katalis adalah untuk mencapai suhu tinggi. Itu sebabnya perangkat ini dipasang di dekat situs listrik.

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Untuk pertama kalinya, katalis diterapkan pada tahun tujuh puluhan abad terakhir, terlepas dari kenyataan bahwa mereka mengembangkan perangkat selama dua puluh tahun sebelumnya. Selama bertahun-tahun penggunaan, netralizer katalitik ditingkatkan dan hari ini adalah perangkat berkualitas tinggi yang terbuat dari sumber bahan baku terbaik. Keputusan untuk mengimplementasikan perangkat ini telah menjadi momen tegas dalam ekologi dan memungkinkan untuk mengurangi dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan.

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Konstruk katalis mencakup tiga elemen utama - casing (bagian tubuh), pembawa blok, isolasi termal. Elemen utama dari Catalytic Converter adalah blok pembawa yang merupakan dasar dari produk.

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Blok konstruktif dibuat dengan basis refraktori keramik. Ini termasuk massa sel-sel yang berbeda, yang meningkatkan keseluruhan zona kontak dengan gas buang kendaraan knalpot. Zat khusus diterapkan pada sel, yang melakukan fungsi katalis.

Peran zat-zat ini dilakukan oleh elemen kimia populer:

  1. Rhodium - katalis pemulihan, tujuan yang merupakan pemulihan NOx dan transformasinya menjadi nitrogen biasa.
  2. Platinum dan paladium adalah katalis oksidatif yang tugasnya adalah mempercepat prosedur untuk oksidasi hidrokarbon berumur pendek, serta transformasi mereka menjadi uap, dan co (karbon monoksida) menjadi karbon dioksida sederhana.
Di dalam katalis yang salah.
Di dalam katalis yang rusak

Perangkat seperti itu disebut tiga komponen. Pembawa blok dari produk ini terletak pada kasus logam dengan lapisan wajib zat isolasi panas. Selain itu, sensor oksigen terletak di casing netral (lambda probe). Kondisi dasar untuk operasi optimal katalis adalah pencapaian suhu 300 derajat Celcius. Pemanasan berkualitas tinggi memungkinkan untuk menampung hingga 90 persen dari elemen berbahaya. Anda juga dapat mempercepat prosedur untuk mencapai suhu operasi:

  1. Dengan pengayaan campuran bahan bakar.
  2. Dengan instalasi penetral segera setelah produsen rilis.

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Skor katalis, tanda dan gejala

  1. Jika katalis benar-benar tersumbat, mobil akan mulai dan segera bertugas baik sama sekali, yang menunjukkan kerusakan absolut dari katalis. Untuk menyelesaikan masalah, Anda harus membuka sensor oksigen pertama, yang berdiri di depan katalis. Selanjutnya, Anda perlu memulai motor jika itu menjadi - itu berarti bahwa katalis telah gagal, yang harus diganti atau melumpuhkan. Namun, ketika mengetuk, Anda harus reflash komputer atau menginstal emulator alih-alih sensor oksigen kedua, jika tidak "periksa" akan terus-menerus terbakar.

    Memeriksa katalis
    Memeriksa katalis
  2. Mobil itu terasa lebih buruk mempercepat dan mendapatkan momentum. Selama mengklik pedal gas, ada perasaan bahwa seseorang memegang mobil untuk bumper belakang. Ini jelas tanda-tanda katalis skor, tetapi tidak sepenuhnya, tetapi hanya sebagian.
  3. Konsumsi bahan bakar meningkat, tetapi gejala ini perlu dipertimbangkan hanya dengan "kebodohan" kendaraan. " Artinya, jika mobil "tupit", dan konsumsi bahan bakar, pada saat yang sama, meningkat, ada kemungkinan bahwa katalis ciliary adalah pelakunya.
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  4. Lampu "Periksa mesin" terbakar pada panel instrumen. Dalam hal ini, pemindai dalam diagnostik akan menunjukkan kesalahan P0420 - yaitu efisiensi rendah. Namun, ini tidak selalu menunjukkan kerusakan katalis, mungkin ada hisap udara konvensional dalam sistem pembuangan.

Katalis dihancurkan, tanda dan gejala

  1. Tanda pertama katalis yang hancur, meleleh atau dicetak adalah tekanan (gelar) gas buang dari bagian belakang muffler. Di sini, katalis Anda dapat dipahami atau tersumbat, karena ketika katalis tersumbat, gas buang hampir tidak akan keluar dari pipa, dan dengan hancur - warna knalpot akan berkelahi, dan baunya kaustik.
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  2. Gejala kedua, lebih umum - tiba-tiba dan tidak ada peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar (dengan mempertimbangkan bahan bakar berkualitas tinggi dan motor yang baik). Semua ini dijelaskan dengan cukup sederhana - kondisi katalitik yang rusak tidak mendukung suhu normal gas buang (suhu optimal norma Euro-4 dari Euro-4 adalah 350-750 derajat) dan sistem injeksi menggunakan probe lambda (Sensor oksigen) secara otomatis meningkatkan pasokan bahan bakar untuk bahan bakar meningkatkan suhu, tetapi bensin memasuki pipa, dan suhu tidak meningkat.
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  3. Yang lain, tidak kalah gejala dari katalis yang hancur - terjadinya dalam sistem buang suara logam ketika fugazine atau akselerasi yang lebih murah. Dering menjengkelkan ini berasal dari katalis sekunder, atau dari kolektor (tergantung kehadiran mereka di mobil Anda). Mempromosikan dering dan ding - atau katalis bobrok, atau unit penetral yang sepenuhnya dicetak yang bergeser dari lokasi pendaratan.

Catalyst 2110, 2114, Kalina, Ford Focus - Gejala Kesalahan Katalis

Pertimbangkan berbagai model mobil yang dilengkapi dengan perangkat ini agar lebih akurat menentukan gejala katalis skor. Dan mari kita mulai dengan model-model pabrikan domestik - "Kalina", VAZ 2110, 2114.

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Jadi, selain fakta bahwa mobil itu "tupits" pada revs rendah, dan akselerasi terjadi perlahan, sebagai akibat dari kerusakan katalis di bawah mobil, suara aneh mungkin muncul, puing-puing kecil yang dituangkan ke dalam badan penetral katalitik. Suara ini jelas menandakan bahwa penghancuran mekanis kumparan terjadi, sebagai akibatnya ditolak menjadi bagian-bagian kecil.

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Sedangkan untuk mobil asing, misalnya, Ford Focus, maka gejala katalis skor benar-benar identik dengan mobil VAZ - operasi mesin yang tidak stabil, kehilangan daya, kebisingan di dalamnya.

Masalah pengapian dan sistem nutrisi - penyebab keluarnya kegagalan katalis

Secara umum, untuk mendeteksi peleburan atau penyumbatan katalis pada VAZ dalam beberapa kasus cukup sulit, karena gejala-gejala ini mungkin muncul sebagai akibat dari masalah dengan elemen lain dari mobil - sistem pengapian, sensor, sensor.

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Harus dikatakan di sini bahwa masalah dengan sistem pengapian dan nutrisi juga dapat menyebabkan kerusakan katalis. Pecahukan pengapian, pembentukan pencampuran yang tidak tepat, bahan bakar berkualitas buruk mampu mengarah pada fakta bahwa bahan bakar akan dibakar tidak sepenuhnya, dan hasilnya akan ada sejumlah besar jelaga dalam knalpot. Akibatnya - bobbin cepat menyumbat dengan kemungkinan pencairan berikutnya.

Katalis rusak, ancaman mobil selama operasi

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Jika katalis hanya tersumbat dengan jelaga, masih memiliki kesempatan untuk membersihkan. Namun, jika Anda tidak menanggapi masalah yang telah muncul, paling-paling, baik kendaraan sekali tidak memulai, atau mesin akan mulai, tetapi segera warung. Jauh lebih buruk, jika sebagai akibat dari jelaga ada bobbin pengungsi, karena tidak mungkin untuk memulihkannya. Pilihan paling buruk adalah penghancuran mekanis dari elemen. Partikel sel mampu secara signifikan menghambat knalalan ke katalis.

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Akibatnya, ada kemungkinan bahwa bagian dari gas akan kembali ke silinder, dan bahkan dengan penambahan keramik. Dan benda asing di silinder, bahkan yang terkecil, mampu merusak kelompok silinder-piston, yang akan mengarah pada kebutuhan akan perbaikan besar.

Tips pro: bahan bakar berkualitas tinggi, diagnosis tepat waktu untuk memperluas kehidupan katalis

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Konsekuensi dari katalis yang salah

Namun, seharusnya tidak selalu "berdosa" pada penetral katalitik - itu hanya bisa menjadi konsekuensi dari fakta bahwa salah satu sistem mobil bekerja dengan benar baik ke dalam kendaraan menuangkan bahan bakar berkualitas rendah dengan jumlah tambahan yang tinggi.

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Itulah sebabnya bahkan dengan penurunan daya terkecil, perlu untuk mendiagnosis kinerja sistem pengapian dan gizi secepat mungkin, serta menilai status semua sensor, dan hanya memeriksa katalis.

Kumparan meleleh, apakah perlu untuk mengubah katalis atau meletakkan sensor pesawat, mengapa

Seperti yang telah disebutkan di atas, ketika menempatkan gelendong, tidak mungkin untuk memulihkannya. Dalam hal ini, mengembalikan kinerja motor akan membantu atau mengganti katalis, atau melepasnya dan pemasangan sensor pesawat.

Komentar

  1. Eugene berkata:

    Bisakah bau busuk muncul dari katalis yang rusak di kabin plastik parut yang kuat? Bahkan di Toyota, pusat itu tidak membantu. Bayangkan mustahil untuk naik. Ini bukan kabel dan tidak ada minyak di glushak