Pengapian lebih awal atau lambat, cara menyesuaikan pengapian dengan mobil

Pengoperasian mesin dan normal dari mesin tergantung pada kebenaran pengaturan momen pengapian. Oleh karena itu, acara ini adalah salah satu proses paling penting untuk menyiapkan unit daya. Pengapian yang salah diinstal (seperti ke arah peningkatan sudut di depan dan ke arah penurunannya), pada kenyataannya, segera dapat mempengaruhi pengoperasian motor. Oleh karena itu, operasi ini harus terkait dengan kesempurnaan khusus dan perhatian untuk mencegah terjadinya darurat atau dini. Tentang ini lebih lanjut dalam artikel.

Pengapian otomatis, perangkat, dan prinsip

Tujuan dari sistem pengapian adalah pengapian campuran bahan bakar udara dari mesin bensin. Pengapian campuran dilakukan dari percikan, sehingga sistem yang berbeda juga disebut sistem percikan peringkat. Tergantung pada metode mengendalikan proses pengapian, ada variasi sistem pengapian - elektronik (mikroprosesor), non-kontak (transistor), kontak.

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Dalam sistem kontak, sistem kontrol akumulasi, serta distribusi listrik di atas silinder, dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkat mekanis - distributor distributor. Pengembangan selanjutnya dari sistem pengapian ini adalah sistem kontak transistor, rantai utama koil pengapian yang melibatkan penggunaan saklar transistor.

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Dibandingkan dengan sistem kontak, dalam sistem pengapian tanpa kontak, sakelar transistor digunakan untuk mengontrol akumulasi energi, yang berinteraksi dengan sensor pulsa tanpa kontak. Saklar transistor dalam sistem ini memainkan peran pemutus. Adapun distribusi arus tegangan tinggi, dilakukan menggunakan distributor mekanis.

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Unit kontrol elektronik digunakan dalam sistem elektronik, yang dengannya kontrol akumulasi dan distribusi listrik dilakukan. Pada struktur awal sistem ini, unit elektronik secara bersamaan mengelola sistem injeksi bahan bakar dan sistem pengapian (yang disebut sistem pengapian elektronik dan injeksi). Sampai saat ini, manajemen pengapian dimasukkan dalam sistem kontrol mesin.

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Namun, terlepas dari perbedaan struktural, Anda dapat memilih sistem ventilasi bersama:

  1. Busi.
  2. Kabel tegangan tinggi.
  3. Perangkat distribusi energi (unit kontrol elektronik atau distributor mekanis).
  4. Penyimpanan Energi (i.e. koil pengapian).
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  5. Perangkat yang mengendalikan akumulasi energi (dalam berbagai sistem pengapian, peran ini melakukan unit kontrol elektronik, transistor switch atau interrupter).
  6. Saklar pengapian.
  7. Catu daya (baterai dan generator otomotif).

Pengoperasian sistem pengapian memberikan langkah-langkah berikut:

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  1. Akumulasi listrik.
  2. Konversi energi.
  3. Distribusi energi ini.
  4. Pembentukan percikan.
  5. Radang campuran bahan bakar udara.

Lebih awal dan kemudian menyalakan apa artinya

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Pengapian dini dibedakan oleh fakta bahwa prosedur pembakaran bahan bakar diesel berakhir bahkan sampai piston datang ke posisi yang diperlukan. Area, sedangkan di dalam loop, dianggap setara dalam kaitannya dengan pekerjaan negatif. Dan ini disebabkan oleh fakta bahwa selama kompresi gas, proses pembakaran yang telah terjadi, menghabiskan lebih banyak kekuatan, daripada muncul setelah ekspansi mereka.

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Nanti kunci kontak tidak kurang berbahaya daripada awal. Fitur utamanya adalah bahwa prosedur pembakaran campuran dilakukan pada tingkat volume yang meningkat dan tingkat tekanan berkurang di silinder. Dalam situasi ini, campuran di jalur silinder sepanjang proses ekstensi.

Tanda-tanda pengapian dini

  1. Detonasi berlebihan (penghancuran batang, cacat piston).
  2. Ketukan terdengar dengan baik di unit daya (pemakaian tinggi).
  3. Peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar.
  4. Kehilangan daya (terutama terlihat pada revolusi kecil).

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Tanda-tanda penyalaan terlambat

  1. Mesin overheating (dapat meningkatkannya).
  2. Peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar.
  3. Awal yang buruk (menghasilkan baterai menderita).
  4. Kehilangan daya.

Sudut instalasi pengapian, tanda-tanda sudut pengapian yang tidak teratur

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  1. Ledakan.
  2. Tembakan dalam karburator atau di muffler.
  3. Menjadi terlalu panas.
  4. Mencelupkan ketika ditekan pada pedal gas.
  5. Idle lemah.
  6. Mengurangi level daya dan pickup.
  7. Peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar.
  8. Masalah dengan awal.

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Perubahan sudut pengapian, yang konsekuensi dari operasi mobil dengan pengapian yang salah

Pengapian terlalu dini atau lambat adalah gejala penghentian operasi normal mesin. Agar motor memberikan kekuatan yang diperlukan, percikan di silinder harus datang hanya ketika seluruh kekuatan konsistensi tanpa pengap, dikompresi saat ini di silinder, dapat digunakan hingga batas maksimum.

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Jika Anda mengirimkan percikan dalam waktu yang tidak perlu, konsistensi akan mengabaikan atau sangat awal (dalam hal ini, bagian tertentu dari energi akan berlaku terhadap gerakan piston), atau sangat terlambat (dalam hal ini, bagian tertentu Energi akan dirilis oleh pipa knalpot). Untuk alasan ini, pemilik mobil berkewajiban untuk membedakan antara gejala-gejala awal dan akhir pengapian, serta untuk mencegah munculnya fenomena ini.

Apa yang seharusnya menjadi sudut muka pengapian, menyesuaikan sudut pada siaga

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Sudut muka pengapian harus optimal, yaitu, tidak terlalu dini dan belum terlambat. Menyesuaikan momen pengapian saat idle adalah sebagai berikut (mesin, pada saat yang sama, harus dipanaskan):

  1. Lemah kacang yang memperbaiki tubuh pemangkas, setelah itu mulai berputar perlahan di sisi yang berbeda.
  2. Dalam posisi di mana pergantian motor akan paling maksimal, Anda harus mencoba "melunasi". Jika selama penekan tajam pada pedal tidak akan ada tembakan, kapas dan interupsi, dan turnoves akan cepat berakselerasi, itu berarti bahwa posisi yang diperlukan ditemukan.
  3. Dari titik ini, periksa perumahan dispenser untuk satu atau dua derajat searah jarum jam, dan kemudian clamp retainer-nya. Barang terakhir harus dilakukan bahwa pengapian tidak terlalu "lebih awal", menghasilkan resistensi yang berlebihan terhadap rotasi crankshaft.

Stroboscope yang Anda gunakan

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Tujuan utama dari strobo otomotif adalah menyesuaikan sudut muka pengapian. Selain itu, stroboscope digunakan untuk memeriksa sudut depan. Di zaman kita, kita membuat banyak varietas stroboskop otomotif profesional. Namun, perangkat buatan sendiri dapat dibuat.

Mengatur pengapian untuk instruksi strobo, langkah demi langkah

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  1. Pertama-tama, menggunakan kunci untuk "13", kita harus melemahkan kacang pengikat berlarut-larut dari plat distribusi pengapian.
  2. Selanjutnya, kami menghubungkan strobo ke baterai ke terminal "plus" menghubungkan penjepit perangkat yang diinginkan (dengan tanda plus), dan kami melampirkan massa ke terminal "minus".
  3. Jika sistem memiliki regulator canggih vakum, itu berarti Anda perlu membongkar selang vakum.
  4. Maka Anda perlu fokus pada lampu katrol dari perangkat.
  5. Sekarang unit daya harus diluncurkan dan memastikan jumlah revolusi sekitar 820-900 per menit.
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  6. Dalam proses kerja, strobo akan memancarkan lampu flash dalam frekuensi tertentu, yang akan memungkinkan Anda untuk melihat tanda pada katrol yang tidak akan bergerak.
  7. Setelah itu, perlu untuk membungkus tubuh dispenser sedemikian rupa sehingga tanda ini pada pulley berada pada level yang sama dengan divisi rata-rata pada tutupnya.
  8. Nah, hal terakhir yang harus dilakukan adalah mengencangkan mur pemasangan pelat interrupter dispenser.

Mengatur kunci kontak pada lampu kontrol

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  1. Kami memutar crankshaft sedemikian rupa sehingga label pulley bertepatan dengan label yang diperlukan pada penutup waktu, dan pelari interupter pengapian menunjukkan kawat tegangan tinggi dari silinder pertama.
  2. Selanjutnya Anda perlu melemahkan mur yang memperbaiki tubuh pemangkas.
  3. Kemudian satu kawat lampu kontrol terhubung ke kawat, yang menuju ke koil pengapian dari traver, dan yang lainnya ke "massa" kendaraan.
  4. Pastikan untuk memasukkan pengapian.
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  5. Setelah itu, putar rantai traver searah jarum jam sampai cahaya padam.
  6. Kemudian perlahan-lahan putar karet ke sisi lain, yaitu berlawanan arah jarum jam.
  7. Perbaiki posisi traver di mana lampu kontrol menyala.
  8. Kencangkan kacang pengikat interrupter dispenser.

Mengatur pengapian dalam percikan, dalam hal kinerja mesin

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  1. Kami memutar crankshaft sedemikian rupa sehingga label pulley bertepatan dengan label yang diperlukan pada penutup waktu, dan pelari interupter pengapian menunjukkan kawat tegangan tinggi dari silinder pertama.
  2. Selanjutnya, Anda perlu melemahkan kacang, yang memperbaiki perumahan interrupter pengapian.
  3. Lepaskan kawat tegangan tinggi pusat dari penutup tumbler, dan kontaknya terletak pada jarak lima milimeter dari massa kendaraan.
  4. Nyalakan kunci kontak.
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  5. Searah jarum jam mengubah tubuh interrupter selama dua puluh derajat.
  6. Perlahan putar karet ke sisi lain.
  7. Perbaiki posisi traver, di mana ada percikan tentang massa dan kontak dari kawat pusat.
  8. Kencangkan mur pengunci dari interrupter.
Sudut diagnostik di depan
Sudut diagnostik di depan

Profil Profi, Cara Memeriksa Kualitas Penyesuaian Angle Advance (UAZ)

Untuk memeriksa apakah uang muka pengapian dikonfigurasi dengan benar, Anda harus dipandu oleh fitur-fitur berikut:

  1. Dalam pekerjaan unit daya yang dipanaskan, tidak ada "kegagalan" pada idle tidak boleh dirasakan.
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  2. Sebuah detonasi pendek (sekitar 3-5 detik) harus hadir jika gerakan tajam ditekan pada pedal gas, pergerakan harus terjadi pada bagian paling rata dari lapisan jalan dengan gigi keempat dan kecepatan sekitar 50 kilometer per jam. Artinya, ketukan jari harus didengar. Jika ini tidak terjadi, maka pengapian sudah terlambat. Jika fenomena ini diamati, tetapi tidak berlalu, pengapiannya terlalu dini.

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